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antiquity, remains firmly within a tradition that emphasizes excavation, description, and culture-historical explanation. Its greatest strength lies in this primary concern for data and a well-established tradition of substantial site reports providing the basis for explanations of all kinds.
See also
Enkomi-Ayios Iakovos; Kourion; Pieridou, Angeliki; Taylor, Joan du Plat
References
Åström, P. 1971. Who’s Who in Cypriote Archaeology: Biographical and Bibliographical Notes. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 992. Göteborg, Sweden: Paul Åströms Forlag.
Åström, P., E. Gjerstad, R.S. Merrillees, and A. Westholm. 1994. The Fantastic Years on Cyprus: The Swedish Cyprus Expedition and Its Members. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology Pocketbook 79. Jonsered, Sweden: Paul Åströms Forlag.
Barlow, J. A., D.L. Bolger, and B. Kling, eds. 1991. Cypriot Ceramics: Reading the Prehistoric Record. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Gjerstad, E. 1926. Studies on Prehistoric Cyprus Uppsala.
Goring, E. 1988. A Mischievous Pastime: Digging in Cyprus in the Nineteenth Century. Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland.
Held, S.O. 1990. “Back to What Future? New Directions for Cypriot Early Prehistoric Research in the 1990s.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1–43.
Karageorghis, V. 1999. Excavating at Salamis in Cyprus 1952–1974. Athens: A.G. Leventis Foundation.
Karageorghis, V., ed. 1985. Archaeology in Cyprus 1960–1985. Nicosia: A.G. Leventis.
Merrillees, R.S. 1975. “Problems in Cypriote History.” In The Archaeology of Cyprus: Recent Developments, 15–38. Ed. N. Robertson. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Press.
Peltenburg, E. 1989. Early Society in Cyprus. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Webb, J. M., and D. Frankel. 1995a. “Gender Inequity and Archaeological Construction: A Cypriot Case Study.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 8, no. 2: 93–112.
———.1995b. “‘This Fair Paper, This Most Goodly Book’: Gender in the Archaeology of Cyprus, 1920–1990.” In Gendered Archaeology: Proceedings of the Second Australian Women in Archaeology Conference, 34–42. Research Papers in Archaeology and Natural History. Ed. J. Balme and W. Beck. Canberra: Australian National University.
(1391–1454)
Regarded by many scholars as the earliest archaeologist, Cyriac of Ancona (whose real name was Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli) was, beginning in 1423, an inveterate traveler throughout Greece and along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey with a passion for collecting inscriptions. The latter he derived from monuments, which he also drew. Although much of his work was destroyed, some fragments of his drawings survive (Schnapp 1996, 110–114).
References
Schnapp, Alain. 1996. The Discovery of the Past. London: British Museum Press.
The Czech Republic lies in central Europe and since the sixth century a.d. has been inhabited by Czechs who speak a Slavic language but whose culture has been more Western European in style since the Middle Ages. At that time the territory, almost identical with its present frontiers, formed the Kingdom of Bohemia, part of the Holy Roman Empire of the Middle Ages. Later it was integrated into the Austrian Empire, and in 1918 it gained new independence under the name of Czechoslovakia. It became an island of western-type democracy in the 1930s, when all the surrounding countries were ruled by authoritarian or fascist regimes. In an act of appeasement Czechoslovakia was given to Adolf Hitler by the west European powers in 1938. It was occupied by Germany in 1939, and at the end of World War II the Great Powers decided at Yalta that Czechoslovakia should belong to the Russians after the war. It remained formally independent, becoming a Soviet satellite state. After a short period of liberalization in the 1960s it was occupied by the Soviet army in 1968 to stop what seemed to be a development toward democracy. It regained full independence in
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