Index of Doctrines
The purpose of this index is to provide readers with New Testament references to certain Catholic doctrines. This index is not exhaustive. Nor is it the case that the Catholic Church requires every doctrine she teaches to have a specific biblical reference to support it, even though Catholic teaching is the full expression of the New Testament faith and as such is entirely consistent with the Bible. Some truths revealed by God in Jesus Christ are not made explicit in the pages of the New Testament, although nothing taught as Catholic doctrine is contrary to the teaching of the New Testament. Catholics hold fast to the teaching of Jesus and the apostles—the full Apostolic Tradition— which is found in the divinely-inspired-but-non-exhaustive form of the New Testament. They also rely on the Holy Spirit's ongoing guidance of the Church's chief pastors, the bishops united with the successor of Peter, to teach and faithfully to hand on the Apostolic Faith. It is the same Spirit-guided Tradition and teaching authority (Magisterium) in the Church that authoritatively determined the canon of divinely-inspired books that make up the New Testament. Consequently, by reading the Bible in light of the Church's ongoing teaching of the divine Word, the faithful can authentically understand the Bible, in which that faith is found in its earliest authoritative written expression.
Absolution: Mt 16:19; 18:18; Jn 20:22-23; Jas 5:16
See also Confession; Penance
Adultery
Can lead to damnation: 1 Cor 6:9; Heb 13:4
Condemned by Jesus: Mt 5:27-28; 15:19-20; Mk 7:21; 10:19
Contrary to Christian life: Rom 13:9; 2 Pet 2:14
Divorce and remarriage in relation to adultery: Mt 19:9; Mk 10:11-12; Lk 16:18
See also Chastity; Fornication; Marriage; Sexual sin
Angels
Agents of judgment: Rev 8:6-13; 9:1-19
Cannot die: Lk 20:36
Communion with the Church on earth: Heb 12:22
Do not marry: Mt 22:30; Mk 12:18-27; Lk 20:34-36
Guardians: Mt 18:10; 24:31; 26:53; Acts 12:15; Heb 1:14; Rev 7:2-3
Messengers: Mt 1:20, 24; 2:13, 19; Lk 1:26, 30; Acts 1:10-11; 10:1-6; Rev 1:1
Michael the Archangel: Jude 9; Rev 12:7
Ministering spirits: Heb 1:14
Not to be given divine worship: Col 2:18; Rev 19:10; 22:8-9
Peter's angel: Acts 12:15
Pray for us: Rev 8:3-4
Satan (the Devil), leader of the fallen angels: Mt 25:41; 2 Cor 11:14; Rev 12:7, 9
Some angels are fallen: Lk 10:18; 2 Cor 11:14; 2 Pet 2:4; Jude 6; Rev 12:4; 20:9
Venerated: Lk 24:5
Will be judged by the saints: 1 Cor 6:3
See also Devil
Anger
Righteous anger: Mt 21:12-13; Mk 3:5; 11:15-17; Jn 2:13-22; Eph 4:26; Rev 14:9-10
Sinful anger: Mt 5:21-22; 2 Cor 12:20; Gal 5:20; Eph 4:31; Col 3:8
Anointing of the Sick (Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick): Mk 6:13; Jn 9:6; Jas 5:14-15
Antichrist
Beast of the Apocalypse: Rev 13:3-18
Antichrist denies that Jesus is the Christ and that he has come in the flesh: 1 Jn 2:22; 4:3; 2 Jn 7
False wonders and deceptive signs of the Antichrist: 2 Thess 2:9-10
Man of lawlessness: 2 Thess 2:3-9
Many antichrists: 1 Jn 2:18
Antichrist will be destroyed by Jesus Christ at his coming: 2 Thess 2:8
Apologetics. See Evangelization
Apostasy: 1 Cor 9:24-27; 2 Thess 2:3; 1 Tim 4:1-5; Heb 6:4-8; 1 Pet 2:20-22
See also Salvation
Apostles
Authority of: Mt 10:1-4, 5, 40; 16:18-19; 18:17-18; 19:27-30; 20:25-28; 28:16-20; Mk 3:13-15; 10:42-45; 16:15-18; Lk 10:16; 22:24-30; 24:44-49; Jn 20:21; Acts 2:42; 4:33, 35; 5:12; 6:2-6; 1 Cor 12:28-30; 2 Cor 13:10; 2 Thess 3:14; Eph 2:20; 4:11
Apostles other than the Twelve: Acts 14:4, 14; Rom 1:1; 1 Cor 15:7, 9; Gal 1:19; 2 Tim 1:11
Apostolic succession: Jn 20:21; Acts 1:15-26; 2 Tim 2:2; Tit 1:5
Called "holy" (i.e., saints): Eph 3:5
Teachers of the Church: Mt 16:18-19; 18:17-18; 28:16-20; Lk 24:48-49; Acts 2:42; 15:6, 22-29
The Twelve: Mt 10:1-4; 19:28; Mk 3:13-19; 6:30; Lk 6:13-16; Acts 1:2, 13, 21-25; 1 Cor 15:5; Rev 21:14
Witnesses of the Resurrection: Mt 28:16-20; Mk 16:14-20; Lk 24:48; Acts 1:21-26; 4:33; 1 Cor 9:1; 15:5, 7, 9
See also Authority; Church
Ascension. See Jesus
Atonement: Rom 3:25; 5:8-11; 2 Cor 5:18-19; Heb 7:27; 9:22-28; 10:12; 1 Pet 3:18; 1 Jn 2:2; 4:10
See also Reconciliation; Redemption; Sacrifice
Authority
Church's authority: Mt 10:1-4, 5, 40; 16:18-19; 18:17-18; Lk 10:16; Jn 14:26; Acts 2:42; 5:2-12; 15:6-29; 20:28; 2 Cor 2:9; 1 Tim 3:15; Tit 3:1; 1 Pet 5:1-5
Governmental authority is derived from God and is to be respected: Jn 19:11; Rom 13:1-7; 1 Tim 2:1-3; Tit 3:1; 1 Pet 2:13-17
Jesus' authority: Mt 7:29; 9:6; 11:27; 21:23-27; 28:18; Mk 11:27-33; Lk 10:22; 20:1-8; Jn 1:15-18; 3:35; 5:19-27, 32, 36-39; 7:28; 10:18; 12:49; 14:10; 17:2; 1 Cor 15:24-28; Eph 1:21-22; Phil 2:5-11; Col 1:15-20; Heb 1:13; 2:5-8; 3:3-6; Jude 25: Rev 2:28; 19:11-16
Obedience to human authority is subordinate to obedience to divine authority: Mt 22:21; Mk 12:17; Lk 20:25; Acts 5:29
Seat of Moses and the Pharisees's authority to teach: Mt 23:2-3
See also Apostles; Church; Jesus
Avarice. See Greed
Baptism, Sacrament of
Born again through baptism: Jn 3:3, 5
By Jesus' disciples during his earthly ministry: Jn 3:22, 25-27; 4:1-2
By John the Baptist: Mt 3:6, 11; Mk 1:4-5, 8; Lk 3:3, 16; Jn 1:25-28, 31; 3:25-30
Cleansing of sin: Acts 22:16; 1 Cor 6:11; Eph 5:26; Tit 3:5; Heb 10:22; 1 Pet 3:21
Commanded by Jesus: Mt 28:19; Mk 16:15-16; Jn 3:5
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit: Mt 28:19
In/with the Holy Spirit: Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7-8; Lk 3:16; Jn 1:33; 3:5; Acts 1:5; 2:38; 19:5-6; 1 Cor 12:12-13; Tit 3:5
Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist: Mt 3:13-17; Mk 1:9-11; Lk 3:21-22; Jn 1:32-33
New life of baptism: Rom 6:3-6
One baptism: Eph 4:5
Regeneration and baptism: Tit 3:5; 1 Pet 3:20-21
Union with Christ and other Christians through baptism: Rom 6:3-4; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:27; Col 2:12
See also Infant baptism
Beatitudes: Mt 5:3-12; Lk 6:20-26
Bible. See Scripture
Bishops (Greek, episkopoi): Acts 20:28 (translated "guardians"): Phil 1:1; 1 Tim 3:1-7; Tit 1:5-9
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit. See Holy Spirit
Blessing consecrates things: 1 Tim 4:4-5
Body
Aspect of man, sometimes referred to in association with "the flesh", that is inclined to sin: Rom 6:6; 7:24; 8:13
Church in her union with Christ is described in bodily terms: Rom 12:4-5; 1 Cor 12:12-27; Eph 1:22-23; 2:16; 4:4, 12, 15-16; 5:23, 30; Col 1:18; 2:19; 3:15
Eucharistic term, used with the term "blood", for the reality of Jesus' embodied presence in the Eucharist: Mt 26:26-29; Mk 14:22-25; Lk 22:19-20; 1 Cor 11:23-26
Mode of Jesus' transformed life after his resurrection from the dead: Mt 28:6, 9; Mk 16:6, 12; Lk 24:39; Jn 20:25, 27
Physical aspect of man in contrast to his spiritual aspect (soul; spirit): Mt 10:28; Lk 12:4-5; 9:40; 1 Cor 7:34; 2 Cor 2:12, 2-3; 5:6-10; 1 Thess 5:23; Jas 2:26; 2 Pet 1:13-14
Physical aspect of the human being: Mt 6:25; 14:12; 24:28; 26:12; 27:58-59; Mk 5:29; Jn 2:21; Acts 9:40; Heb 10:5, 10; 1 Pet 2:24; Jude 9
Temple of the Holy Spirit: 1 Cor 6:19
Subject of resurrection: 1 Cor 15:44; Phil 3:21
Whole human person referred to in terms of his bodily
aspect: Mt 6:22-23; Lk 11:34, 36; Jas 3:2, 6
See also Church; Eucharist; Flesh; Resurrection; Soul; Spirit
Born Again. See Baptism
Bread of Life. See Eucharist
Celibacy
Jesus' teaching regarding celibacy for the kingdom of God: Mt 19:11-12, 29-30; Mk 10:29-31; Lk 18:29-30
Paul's teaching regarding his preference for celibacy and its advantages: 1 Cor 7:7, 38
Resurrected life involves celibate life: Mt 22:30; Mk 12:25; Lk 20:34-36
Specially-consecrated followers of Jesus: Rev 14:4
Charity. See Love
Chastity
Purity: 2 Cor 6:6; 11:2; 1 Tim 4:12
Self-control: 1 Cor 7:5, 9; 1 Thess 4:3-8
See also Adultery; Fornication; Sexual sin
Christ. See Jesus
Church
Apostolicity: 1 Cor 12:28; Eph 2:19-20; Rev 21:14
Body of Christ: Rom 12:4-5; 1 Cor 12:12-27; Eph 1:22-23; 2:16; 4:4, 12, 15-16; 5:23, 30; Col 1:18, 24; 2:19; 3:15
Branches of the Vine: Jn 15:5
Bride of Christ: Jn 3:29; 2 Cor 11:2; Gal 4:26; Eph 5:23-32; Rev 21:2, 9; 22:17
Built on the rock of Peter and his successors: Mt 16:18-19
Catholicity: Mt 28:19; Mk 16:15; Lk 24:47; Rom 10:12-13; 1 Cor 1:24; 12:13; Gal 3:27-28; Eph 1:9-10; 2:11-22
Christ present in his Church: Mt 28:18-20; Jn 14:20; Acts 9:4; Rom 8:9; Eph 1:22-23; Col 1:27
Founded on the apostles and prophets: Eph 2:20 Founded on Christ: 1 Cor 3:11; Eph 2:20
Flock image: Mt 26:31; Lk 12:32; Jn 10:3-5, 11; 20:15-17; Acts 20:28-29; Heb 13:20; 1 Pet 2:25; 5:2-4; Rev 7:17
Guided by the Holy Spirit: Jn 14:26; 16:13; Acts 15:28
Heavenly Jerusalem: Gal 4:26; Heb 12:22; Rev 21:2
Holiness: Eph 1:22; 5:27; 1 Pet 2:9
Household (Family) of God: Eph 2:19; 1 Tim 3:14-15; 1 Pet 2:5; 4:17
Kingdom of God begun on earth in the Church: Mt 3:2; 12:28; 16:18-19; Lk 17:21; Rom 14:17; 1 Cor 4:20; Col 1:13
Light of the world: Mt 5:14
Motherhood of the Church: Gal 4:26; Rev 21:2
Pillar and bulwark of the truth: 1 Tim 3:15
People of God: Heb 4:9; 11:25; 1 Pet 2:10; Rev 21:3
Royal priesthood: 1 Pet 2:5, 9; Rev 1:6; 5:10; 20:6
Salt of the earth: Mt 5:13
Structured community with government: Mt 16:18-19; 18:17-18; 28:19-20; Jn 21:15-17; Acts 1:22-26; 2:42; 6:2-6; 14:23; 1 Cor 12:4-11; Eph 2:20-21; 4:11-13; Phil 1:1; 1 Tim 3:8-13; 2 Tim 2:2; Tit 1:5-9; Heb 13:7, 17
Temple of God: 1 Cor 3:9-17; 6:19; 2 Cor 6:16: 1 Pet 2:4-8
Teaching authority in the Church: Mt 10:40; 16:18-19; 18:17-18; 28:19-20; Lk 10:16; Jn 14:26; 15:26-27; 16:13; Acts 2:42; 15:28; Lk 22:32; Acts 2:42; 15:22-29; 1 Cor 12:28; 2 Thess 2:15; Eph 4:11-12; 1 Tim 3:15; 5:17; 2 Tim 1:11, 13-14; 2:2; Tit 3:10-11; Heb 13:7, 17; 1 Jn 4:6
Unity of the Church: Jn 17:21-23; Gal 3:27-28; Eph 1:9-10; 2:11-22; 4:4; Col 3:15
See also Apostles; Authority; Intercession of the Saints; Saints
Communion, Holy. See Eucharist
Communion of Saints. See Church; Intercession of Saints; Saints
Confession of sins: Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; Jas 5:16; 1 Jn 1:9.
See also Penance
Confession, Sacrament of. See Penance; Reconciliation; Salvation
Confirmation, Sacrament of: Acts 8:17-19; 19:6; 2 Cor 1:22; Eph 1:13-14; Heb 6:2
Conscience
Basis for action: 1 Tim 1:19
Conscience must be informed by the Word of God: Lk 6:47-48; 2 Tim 1:13-14
Good conscience gives confidence before God: Acts 24:16; 2 Cor 1:12; 1 Tim 3:9; 1 Jn 3:21; Heb 13:18; 1 Pet 3:16, 21
Not an absolute standard: 1 Cor 4:3-5; Tit 1:15; Heb 9:14; 10:22
Respect for the consciences of others: 1 Cor 8:7-13; 10:25-29
Standard by which God will condemn or excuse: Jn 9:40-41; 15:22-23; Rom 2:15
See also Ignorance
Covenant
Jesus' Eucharistic blood of the covenant: Mt 26:28; Mk 14:24; Lk 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25
Jesus is the mediator of a new covenant: Heb 9:15; 12:24
Ministers of a new covenant: 2 Cor 3:6
New Covenant: Lk 22:20; 1 Cor 11:25; 2 Cor 3:14; Heb 8:8-10, 13; 9:15; 12:24
Old Covenant: 2 Cor 3:14; Heb 8:6-7, 13
Two covenants: Gal 4:24
See also Atonement; Jesus; Redemption
Council of Jerusalem: Acts 15:6-31
Crucified Jesus
Association of the crucifixion of Jesus with the Eucharist: 1 Cor 11:26
Christ crucified should be proclaimed: 1 Cor 1:23-24; 2:2; Gal 3:1; 6:14
Damnation. See Hell; Judgment; Salvation; Sin
Deacons: Acts 6:1-6; Phil 1:1; 1 Tim 3:8-13
Death
After death comes judgment: Heb 9:27
Body in death appears to be asleep: 1 Cor 15:51
Dead are aware: Lk 16:22-31; 23:42-43; 2 Cor 5:6, 8-9; 12:2-4; Phil 1:23; Heb 12:22-23; 1 Pet 3:18-20; Rev 6:9-11; 20:4-5
Resurrection: see Resurrection
Some Christians go on to be with Christ: 2 Cor 5:8; Phil 1:23
Some Christians undergo purgation: see Purgatory
Devil
Ancient serpent: Rev 12:9; 20:2
Appears as angel of light in order to deceive: 2 Cor 11:14
Behind Judas' betrayal of Jesus: Lk 22:3; Jn 6:70-71; 13:2
Capable of possessing a human being by means of demons: Mt 8:28-34; 15:22; Mk 1:23-28; 5:1-20; Lk 11:14-20; Acts 19:13-16
Cast into the lake of fire: Rev 20:10
Defeated by Christ: 1 Jn 3:8
Devil has angels under his control: Mt 25:41
Enemy of the Christian: Eph 6:11; 1 Pet 5:8
Fallen angel: Lk 10:18
Murderer from the beginning: Jn 8:44
Satan: Rev 12:9
Tempted Christ: Mt 4:1-11; Mk 1:13; Lk 4:2-13
See also Angels
Discernment of spirits
Spiritual gift enabling the possessor to distinguish divine activities from merely natural or diabolical activities: 1 Cor 12:10; 1 Jn 4:1-6
Divorce: Mt 5:31-32; 19:3-9 ("except" clause); Mk 10:2-12; Lk 16:18; 1 Cor 7:10-16
See also Adultery; Marriage
Divinity of Christ. See Jesus
Drunkenness
Can lead to damnation: 1 Cor 6:10; Gal 5:21
Contrary to Christian living: 1 Cor 5:11; Eph 5:18; 1 Pet 4:3
Impairs one's alertness to imminent judgment: Mt 24:49; Lk 21:34; Rom 13:13
Not all use of alcoholic drinks is wrong: Mt 26:27-29; Mk 14:23-25; Lk 7:33-34; 22:17-18, 20; Jn 2:3-10; 1 Tim 5:23
Elders
NT office of elder ("presbyter" or, later, "priest"): Acts 15:2, 6, 22-23; 1 Tim 4:14; 5:17-19; Tit 1:5; 1 Pet 5:1-5; Jas 5:14-15; 2 Jn 1; 3 Jn 1
Twenty-four elders in heaven: Rev 4:4, 10; 5:5-6, 8, 11, 14; 7:11, 13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4
Election
Baptized persons must confirm their election: 2 Pet 1:10
Israel's election by grace: Rom 11:28
God's New People: 1 Pet 2:9-10
Paul's election: Gal 1:15
Paul's suffering for the sake of the elect: 2 Tim 2:10
See Freedom; Grace; Predestination
Envy
Can lead to damnation: Gal 5:21
Defiles a man: Mk 7:21-22
Incompatible with Christian discipleship: Gal 5:26; 1 Pet 2:1
Motive of Jesus' enemies in condemning him: Mt 27:18; Mk 15:10
Eternal Life
Attained by keeping the commandments: Mt 19:16-17; 25:46; Lk 10:25-28; Jn 12:50; Rom 2:7
Attained through faith in Jesus: Jn 3:15-16, 36; 17:3; Rom 5:21
Assurance of eternal life, if one abides in Jesus, which includes obedience: Jn 6:54-56; 8:51; 1 Jn 2:24-25; 3:14; 5:13
Future reality that is to be obtained through fidelity in this life: Mt 25:46; 1 Tim 6:12; 1 Jn 2:24-25
Gift of Jesus: Jn 10:27-28; Rom 6:23
Harvest of the Holy Spirit: Gal 6:8
Hope of eternal life: Tit 1:2; 3:7
Jesus himself is called eternal life or is closely identified with it: Jn 11:25; 17:3; 1 Jn 1:2; 5:11, 20
Kind of life that of itself is not subject to ending, unless repudiated through disobedience in this life: Jn 3:36; 4:14; 6:27; 10:28; 12:50; Rom 2:7; Gal 6:8; 1 Jn 3:15; Jude 21
Lost through disobedience and unbelief: Jn 3:36; Acts 13:46; 2 Tim 2:12; 1 Jn 3:15
Participation in eternal life now in a limited, provisional way through faith in Jesus: Jn 5:24; 6:47; 1 Jn 5:13
Participation in eternal life now in a limited, provisional way through the Eucharist: Jn 6:54
Promised to those who remain faithful: 1 Jn 2:25; Jude 21; Rev 2:10
Reward of love: 1 Cor 2:9; 2 Tim 4:8; Jas 1:12; 2:5
Sanctification's goal: Rom 6:22
See also Resurrection; Salvation
Eucharist, Sacrament of the Holy
Body and Blood of Christ: Mt 26:26-29; Mk 14:22-25; Lk 22:19-20; 1 Cor 11:23-26
Bread from heaven: Jn 6:33, 50-51
Bread of Life: Jn 6:35, 38, 51
Compared and contrasted with pagan and Jewish sacrifices: 1 Cor 10:18-21; Heb 13:10
Danger of unworthy reception of the Eucharist: 1 Cor 11:27-30
Death of the Lord is proclaimed by the Eucharist: 1 Cor 11:26
Flesh and blood of Jesus: Jn 6:51; 53-56
Judas' rejection of the Eucharist: Jn 6:64
Necessity of eating the Flesh of Jesus and drinking his Blood: Jn 6:51, 53-58
Participation in (communion with) the Body and the Blood of Christ: 1 Cor 10:16-17, 21
Sacrifice: Mt 26:26-29; Mk 14:22-25; Lk 22:19-20; 1 Cor 10:16-17, 21; 11:23-26; Heb 13:10
Source of eternal life: Jn 6:54
True food and drink: Jn 6:55
Truth of the Eucharist requires faith given by the Holy Spirit in order to be accepted: Jn 6:63-64
See also Body; Flesh
Evangelization
Apologetics, or being ready to give a reasoned account (literally, "defense" or "explanation") for one's hope in Christ: 1 Pet 3:15
Jesus' commissioning of his disciples to evangelize the whole world: Mt 28:19-20; Mk 16:15; Lk 24:47-48; Acts 1:8
Mission of evangelization directed to Jew and Gentile alike: Mt 24:14; Mk 13:10; Acts 13:47; 14:15; 17:30-31; Rom 2:10; 10:12-18; 11:12, 15, 25-26; 1 Cor 1:24; 12:13
See also Church; Gospel; Jews
Faith
Assurance of things hoped for: Heb 11:1
Body of belief: Phil 1:27; Col 1:23; 1 Tim 1:2; 3:9; 4:1, 6; 5:8; 6:10, 12, 21; 2 Tim 4:7; Tit 1:13; Jude 3
Completed by works: Jas 2:22
Dead without works of love: Jas 2:17, 23-24
Degrees of faith: Lk 17:5-6
Faith is a form of obedience to God's Word: Jn 3:36; Rom 1:5; 16:26; 1 Jn 3:23
Justification by faith in Jesus Christ apart from works of the Law but not by faith alone: Gal 2:16; Jas 2:24
Love completes faith: Gal 5:6
Necessary for salvation: Mk 16:16; Jn 3:16; 8:24; Acts 16:31; Heb 11:6
No absolute assurance of salvation because apostasy and other grave sin remains possible in this life: Rom 11:20-22; Heb 6:4-6. 2 Pet 2:20-22
Salvation by grace through faith: Eph 2:8
Walk by faith, not by sight: 2 Cor 5:7
See also Grace; Justification; Salvation; Works
False doctrine
Danger of false prophets: Mt 7:15; 24:11, 24; Mk 13:22
Warning concerning those who reject or distort apostolic doctrine: Rom 16:17; Eph 4:14; 1 Tim 1:3, 10; 4:1; 2 Tim 4:3-4; Heb 13:9; 2 Pet 2:1
Family
Baptism of whole families: Acts 16:33; 1 Cor 1:16
Derived from God's fatherhood: Eph 3:14-15
Fathers not to provoke their children to anger but to instruct them in the Lord: Eph 6:4; Col 3:21
Founded on marriage: Mt 19:5-7
Mothers should exercise rulership of their households: 1 Tim 5:14
Mutual submission of husband and wife to one another in Christ: Eph 5:21-33
Obedience of children to parents commanded: Eph 6:1-3; Col 3:20
Obligation to provide for one's family: 1 Tim 5:8
See also Church; Fatherhood; Marriage; Motherhood
Fasting: Mt 6:16-18; Lk 2:37; Acts 13:2-3; 14:23
Fatherhood
Fatherhood of apostolic ministry and, by extension, of priestly ministry: 1 Cor 4:14-15; Phil 2:22; 1 Thess 2:11
Fathers exhorted to raise their children properly and not to provoke them: Eph 6:4; Col 3:21
God alone is Father in the absolute sense: Mt 23:9; Eph 3:14-15
Men may also be called "father": Mt 1:1-16; 15:4-5; 21:31; Lk 2:33; Acts 26:6; Rom 4:16; 1 Cor 4:14-17; 1 Thess 2:11; Philem 10; 1 Jn 2:13-14
Older men to be exhorted as fathers by younger men: 1 Tim 5:1
See also Family; God; Trinity
Flesh
All of mortal humanity as such: Lk 3:6; Jn 17:2; Acts 2:17; 1 Pet 1:24
Aspect of man that is subject to death, illness, weakness, and suffering: 2 Cor 4:11; 12:7; Gal 3:20; 4:13 ("bodily ailment: literally, in Greek, "weakness of the flesh"); Col 1:24; Phil 1:22, 24; Heb 5:7; 1 Pet 3:18; 4:1
Aspect of man that is under the domination of sin, sinful impulses, and evil outlooks ("the flesh"): Mt 26:41; Jn 1:13; 6:63; Rom 7:18; 8:3-9, 12-13; 13:14; 1 Cor 5:5; Gal 5:16-17, 19; 1 Pet 2:11
Bodily aspect of the human person or the embodied person: Mt 19:5-6; Lk 24:39; Jn 3:6; Rom 8:3; Acts 2:31; Eph 5:28-31; Phil 3:2; Col 1:11, 13, 22; Jude 8
Complementary element of human life to "blood", the two of which represent man in his limitations: Mt 16:17; 1 Cor 15:50; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; Heb 2:14
Contrasted with spirit or the Spirit: Jn 3:6; Rom 8:4-10, 13
Jesus came in the flesh, i.e., possessing human nature: Jn 1:14; Eph 2:15; 1 Tim 3:16; Heb 5:7; 10:20; 1 Jn 4:2; 2 Jn 7
Jesus' term, used in conjunction with "blood", to refer to the reality of his embodied presence in the Eucharist: Jn 6:51-56
Life of man according to the order of the present world: Jn 8:15; 1 Cor 1:26, 29; Eph 6:5 ("earthly masters", literally, in Greek, "masters according to the flesh"); Phil 3:4; Gal 6:12; 2 Cor 5:16; Philem 16
One-flesh union of husband and wife: Mt 19:5-6; Mk 10:8; Eph 5:31
Principle of biological generation, descent, and kinship: Rom 1:3; 4:1; 9:3, 8; 11:14 ("my fellow Jews", literally, in Greek: "my flesh")
See also Body; Eucharist; Resurrection; Soul; Spirit
Forgiveness
Dependent on one's forgiveness of others: Mt 6:12, 14-15; 18:35; 11:25; Lk 6:37; 11:4; Col 3:13
Jesus' prayer of forgiveness of those who rejected him: Lk 23:34
No forgiveness for blasphemy against the Holy Spirit: Mt 12:31-32; Mk 3:28-29; Lk 12:10
Seventy times seven acts of forgiveness (i.e., limitless forgiveness): Mt 18:21-22; Lk 17:3-4
Through the death and resurrection of Christ: Mt 26:28; Lk 24:47; Acts 13:38; Eph 1:7; Col 1:14; 1 Jn 2:12
See also Absolution; Baptism; Penance;, Reconciliation; Redemption; Salvation
Fornication
Among the "works of the flesh" condemned by Paul: Gal 5:19-21
Can lead to damnation: Eph 5:5 ("immoral" man, literally in Greek, "fornicator"); Heb 13:4 ("immorality", literally in Gk, "fornication"); Rev 21:8; 22:15
Condemned by Jesus: Mt 15:19-20
Contrary to Christian discipleship: Eph 5:3-5; Col 3:5 ("immorality", literally in Greek, "fornication")
See also Adultery; Chastity; Lust; Sexual sin
Freedom
Call to repentance, which implies freedom to repent: Mt 4:17; 23:37; Jn 1:12-13; 2 Pet 3:9
Human freedom was damaged by sin but was redeemed by grace: Jn 8:32; Rom 6:18-23; 7:15-25; 8:2, 21; 2 Cor 3:17; Gal 5:1, 13; 1 Pet 2:16
Power to obey and to choose: Lk 6:46; Jn 14:15; Rom 2:9-10; Gal 5:13; 1 Pet 2:16
Resistance to grace is possible: Jn 15:1; Acts 7:51; 2 Cor 6:1
See also Election; Predestination; Sin; Redemption; Salvation; Works
Gluttony: Phil 3:19; Heb 12:16
God
All-knowing: Mt 6:6, 8; 10:29-30; Rom 11:33; Heb 4:13; 1 Jn 3:19-20
Almighty (omnipotence): 2 Cor 6:18; Rev 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7, 14; 19:6, 15; 21:22
Alpha and Omega: Rev 1:8; 21:6; 22:13
Alone to receive worship of divine honor: Mt 4:10; Lk 4:8; Acts 10:25-26; 14:11-15; Rev 22:9
Creator: Acts 14:15; 17:24-26; Rom 11:36; 1 Cor 8:5-6; Heb 1:2-3, 10; 1 Tim 4:4; 6:13; Rev 4:11
Eternal: Rom 1:20; 16:26; 1 Tim 1:17; Heb 1:10-12
Faithful: 1 Cor 1:9; 10:13; 1 Thess 5:24; 2 Thess 3:3; 2 Tim 2:13; 1 Jn 1:9
Father: Mt 5:45; 6:6-9; 7:11; Eph 3:14-15; Rev 21:7
Father of spirits: Heb 12:9
Goodness: Lk 18:19
Holy: 1 Pet 1:16; Rev 4:8; 6:10
Judge: Rom 2:6-8, 16; 3:6; Heb 10:30; 1 Pet 1:17; Rev 20:12
Just: Rom 2:6-8; 2 Cor 5:10
Knowledge of God's existence through reason's reflection on creation: Acts 14:15-17; 17:24-28; Rom 1:19-20
Love: Jn 3:16; Rom 5:5, 8-10; 8:35-39; 2 Cor 13:14; 2 Thess 2:16; 1 Jn 4:10-12
Omnipresent: Mt 6:6, 8, 18; 10:29-31; 18:20; Acts 17:24-28; Rom 10:6-7
One: Jn 17:3; 1 Cor 8:4; Gal 3:20; Eph 4:6; 1 Tim 1:17; 2:5
Perfect: Mt 5:48
Provident: Mt 10:29-31; Lk 12:6-7; 1 Cor 2:7; Eph 1:9-12; 2 Tim 1:9-10; 1 Pet 3:20
Revealed fully in Jesus: Mt 11:27; Lk 10:22; Jn 1:1; 14:9-10; 20:28; Col 1:15; Heb 1:1-3
Rich in mercy: Lk 6:36; Eph 2:4; Jas 5:11
Savior: Lk 1:47; 1 Tim 2:3; 4:10
Salvation of all men is willed by God: Mt 18:14; Jn 3:16; 2 Cor 5:19; 1 Tim 2:3-4; 2 Pet 3:9
Source of creaturely goodness: Rom 11:36; 1 Tim 4:4-5
Spiritual: Jn 4:24; Rom 8:9; 1 Cor 2:10-11; Eph 3:14-16
Unchanging: Heb 6:17; Jas 1:17
Wise: Rom 16:27; 1 Cor 1:19-30
Works all things for the good of those who love him: Rom 8:28
See also Jesus; Holy Spirit; Trinity
Gospel
Eternal gospel: Rev 14:6
False teaching is "another gospel": Gal 1:6-12
Good news about the kingdom of God/heaven: Mt 4:23; 24:14; Mk 1:14-15
Good news about Jesus Christ: Mk 1:1; Rom 1:3, 9; 2 Cor 2:12; 1 Thess 3:2
Power of God unto salvation: Rom 1:16
Preached to the dead: 1 Pet 4:6
See also Evangelization
Government. See Authority; Church
Grace
Basis of salvation through faith in Christ and opposed to unaided human efforts at salvation: Rom 4:4-5; 11:6; Gal 2:21; Eph 2:8-9
Brings forgiveness of sins: Eph 1:7
Cooperation in obedience with grace for salvation: Phil 2:12-13
Eternal life is the gift of God's grace through Jesus: Rom 6:23
Falling away from grace: Gal 1:6; 5:4
Given through baptism: Jn 3:5-9; Rom 6:1-4; Gal 3:27; Col 2:12; Tit 3:5-7
Grace of justification is the gift of God: Rom 3:24; 5:15
Growth in grace: 2 Pet 3:18
Indwelling life of grace incompatible with serious sin: 1 Jn 3:6, 9, 15; 5:16, 18
Jesus the fullness of grace: Jn 1:14
Justification by grace: Tit 3:7
Life of Jesus indwelling the believer: Gal 2:20: Col 2:10; 3:4
Mary the Mother of Jesus was full of grace: Lk 1:28
Participation in the divine nature through grace of Jesus Christ: 2 Pet 1:1-4
Principle of divine adoption: Rom 8:14-16
Receiving grace "in vain" is possible: 2 Cor 6:1; Gal 2:21
Salvation through the grace of Jesus: Acts 15:11
Strengthens the heart of the believer: Heb 13:9
See also Faith; Freedom; Election; Love; Justification; Salvation; Works
Greed: Mt 23:25; Mk 7:22; Lk 12:15-21; Rom 1:29; 1 Cor 5:11; 6:10; Eph 5:5; 1 Tim 6:9-10
See also:Poor; Wealth
Heaven
Awareness of earthly events in heaven: Lk 15:7, 10; 1 Tim 5:21; Rev 5:8; 6:10; 8:3-4
Christ now lives in heaven, where he intercedes for his followers on the basis of his death and resurrection, and his eternal priesthood: Heb 7:24-28; 8:1-6; 9:11-14, 24; 10:11
City of God/New Jerusalem image: Gal 4:26; Phil 3:20; Heb 12:22; 13:14; Rev 3:12; 21:2, 10-27
Citizenship of heaven: Eph 2:19; Phil 3:20
Fulfillment of human life: Mt 5:19-21; 2 Cor 4:17-18; 5:1-5, 8; Rev 7:15-17; 22:1-5
Holiness of heaven's inhabitants: Mt 13:41-43; Heb 12:14, 22-24; Rev 7:13-17; 8:3-5; 21:27
Liturgical elements used to describe heavenly worship: Rev 4:2-11; 5:8-13; 6:9; 8:3-5; 16:7
New heaven(s) and a new earth: 2 Pet 3:13: Rev 21:1
Presence of God: Heb 12:22; Rev 10:1-2; 21:3-4
Rejoicing in heaven: Lk 15:7, 10
Saints in heaven: Heb 12:22-24; Rev 4:4, 10; 5:8-10
"Third" heaven: 2 Cor 12:2
Throne of God: Mt 5:34; Heb 8:1; 12:2
See also Angels; Intercession of the Saints; Saints
Hell
Abyss: Lk 8:31; Rev 9:1, 2, 11; 11:7; 17:8 ("bottomless pit")
Body and soul destroyed in hell: Mt 10:28; Jn 5:29
Broad road that leads to destruction: Mt 7:13
Damned persons perish because they refuse to love the truth: 2 Thess 2:10-11
Darkness imagery: Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30 ("outer darkness"); 2 Pet 2:4; Jude 6
Descent of Christ into hell: Acts 2:27 ("Hades"); Rom 10:7; 1 Pet 3:18-20; 4:6
Eternity of hell: Mt 25:41, 46; Mk 9:43, 48; Jude 7
Fire imagery: Mt 3:10, 12; 5:22-29; 7:19; 13:42, 50; 18:8-9; 25:41; Mk 9:43, 48; Lk 3:9, 17; Jas 3:6; Jude 7; Rev 17:16; 18:18
Gehenna imagery: Mt 5:22; 29-30; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Mk 9:43-48; Lk 12:5; Jas 3:6 ("hell", literally, "Gehenna")
Lake of fire imagery: Rev 14:10-11; 19:20; 20:10, 14-15
Suffering proportionate to sin: Lk 12:47-48; 16:25
Tartarus: 2 Pet 2:4 ("hell")
Weeping and gnashing of teeth: Mt 8:12; 13:42, 50; 22:13; 24:51, 25:30
See also Forgiveness; Judgment; Salvation; Sins
Heresy. See False doctrine
Hope
Anticipates but does not fully possess what is hoped for: Rom 8:24-25
Hope of sharing the glory of God: Rom 5:2
In hope of eternal life: Tit 1:2
Rejoice in hope: Rom 12:12
Saved in hope: Rom 8:24
Theological virtue, along with faith and love: 1 Cor 13:13
Holy Orders, Sacrament of
Bestowed by the imposition of hands: Acts 6:6; 13:3; 1 Tim 4:14; 2 Tim 1:6
Instituted by Christ: Lk 22:19; Jn 20:21-23; 1 Cor 11:24-25
Holy Spirit
Baptism and new birth/regeneration in the Holy Spirit: Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7-8; Lk 3:16; Jn 1:33; 3:5; Acts 1:5; 2:38; 19:6, 1 Cor 12:12-13; Tit 3:5. See also Baptism.
Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is unforgivable: Mt 12:31-32; Mk 3:29
Counselor ("another Counselor"; Paraclete): Jn 14:16; 15:26
Distinct Person, not a force or emanation from God: Acts 5:3, 32; Rom 8:27; Eph 4:30
Distributes spiritual gives as he wills: 1 Cor 12:11
Divine: 2 Cor 3:17-18
Eternal: Heb 9:14
Fellowship of the Holy Spirit: 2 Cor 13:14
Fruit of the Spirit: Gal 5:22-23
Gifts of the Spirit: 1 Cor 12:4-30; Heb 2:4
Grieving the Holy Spirit: Eph 4:30
Guarantee or "down payment" of salvation: 2 Cor 1:22; Eph 1:14
Guidance of the Church: Jn 14:26; 15:26; 16:13-14; Acts 15:28
Helps believers to pray: Rom 8:26-27; Jude 20
Indwells the baptized: Jn 14:17; Acts 2:4, 38; Rom 5:5; 8:9; 1 Cor 3:16; 6:19; Heb 6:4
Intercedes for us: Rom 8:27
Knows the thoughts of God as a man's spirit knows his thoughts: 1 Cor 2:10-11
Makes us sons of God through Jesus Christ: Rom 8:12-17; Gal 4:6-7
Sent from the Father by the Son: Jn 14:16; 15:26
Seal of the Holy Spirit: 2 Cor 1:22; Eph 1:13; 4:30
Speaks: Acts 13:2; 1 Cor 2:10; Gal 4:6; Heb 3:7-9; Rev 2:7
Spirit of Christ: Rom 8:9
Spirit of the Father: Mt 10:20
Spirit of truth: Jn 14:17; 16:13
Sword of the Spirit: Eph 6:17
Testimony about the Son: Jn 15:26
See also God; Jesus; Trinity
Homosexual acts
Are sinful: Rom 1:26-27; 1 Cor 6:9-10; 1 Tim 1:10.
See also Chastity; Sexual sin
Human nature. See Man
Hypocrisy
Condemned by Jesus: Mt 6:1-6; 23:13-36
To be avoided: Jas 3:17; 1 Pet 2:1
Idolatry
Confusing the Creator with the created: Acts 14:11-18; 17:23-31; Rom 1:23, 25: Rev 19:10
Expressing the divine by using created forms is not idolatry, so long as the divine is not reduced to the created or confused with it: Jn 1:14; Acts 7:56; Col 1:15: Rev 4:2-3; 5:1, 7; 20:11
Gravely sinful nature of idolatry: Rom 1:23, 25; 1 Cor 5:11; 10:14, 19-21; 2 Cor 6:16; Gal 5:20: 1 Jn 5:21; Rev 9:20; 21:8; 22:15
Idols are nothing in themselves but their link to false worship involves demonic beings: 1 Cor 8:4, 10:19-21
Involves treating any created thing—including creaturely pleasure—as if it were the supreme reality (God): Eph 5:5; Col 3:5; 1 Pet 4:3
Leads to other sins: Rom 1:26-31
Ignorance
Can be a punishment for sin: Eph 4:18; 1 Pet 2:15
Can excuse sin for those in good faith: Jn 9:41; 15:22, 24; Acts 17:30; Rom 2:15; 5:13
Fails to excuse one otherwise blameworthy: Lk 12:48
Can lead to mercy from God: Lk 23:34; Acts 3:17; 17:30; 1 Tim 1:13
Can lead to sin: Lk 23:34; Acts 3:17; Rom 10:3; 2 Pet 2:12; 3:16
See also Conscience; Natural law; Sin
Immortality
Divine immortality: 1 Tim 1:17; 6:15-16
Human immortality: Lk 20:36; Rom 2:7; 1 Cor 15:53; 2 Cor 5:1-4; 2 Tim 1:10
See also Resurrection
Incarnation. See Jesus
Infant baptism
Baptism is the sign of the New Covenant as circumcision (administered to infants) was sign of the Old Covenant: Col 2:11-12
Children included in the promise of baptism: Acts 2:38-39
Households (which generally included infants) baptized: Acts 11:13-14; 16:15, 33; 1 Cor 1:16
Infants brought to Jesus for a blessing: Mk 10:13-16; Lk 18:15, 17
New birth through baptism and the Spirit: Jn 3:5
See also Baptism
Intercession of the Saints
Christians are said to have approached (entered into communion with) angels in heaven, the firstborn enrolled in heaven, and the spirits of just men made perfect: Heb 12:1, 22-24
Moses and Elijah appear to Jesus and Peter, James, and John: Mt 17:3-4; Mk 9:4-5; Lk 9:30-33
Heavenly beings are aware of things on earth: Lk 15:7, 10; 1 Tim 5:21; Rev 5:8; 6:10; 8:3
Twenty-four elders in heaven intercede with God for Christians on earth: Rev 5:8
Angels offer to God the prayers of Christians on earth: Rev 8:3
See also Angels; Church; Saints
Jesus
Alpha and Omega: Rev 22:13
Ascension of Jesus: Mk 16:19; Lk 24:51; Acts 1:9-11; Heb 4:14; Rev 12:5
Author of Life: Acts 3:15
Baptism of Jesus: Mt 3:16-17; Mk 1:9-11; Lk 3:21-22; Jn 1:32-34
Born in Bethlehem: Mt 2:1; Lk 2:4-7
Carpenter (Greek, tekton): Mk 6:3
Christ (Messiah; "Anointed One"): Mt 1:1; 16:16; 26:63-64; Mk 1:1; 8:29; Lk 2:11; 9:20; 24:26; Jn 1:17; 17:3; Acts 2:36; Rom 1:1; Rev 11:15
Church's guidance by Jesus: Mt 23:10; 28:20; Jn 14:20; 17:21, 23: Acts 9:3-6; Eph 1:22
Creator: Jn 1:3; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16; Heb 1:2, 10-12; 2:10; Rev 3:14 ("beginning of God's creation" as in its source)
David's descendant: Mt 1:6-16, 20; Mk 10:47-48; Lk 1:27, 32, 69; 2:4; 3:31; Jn 7:42; Rom 1:3; 2 Tim 2:8; Rev 5:5; 22:16
Descent into hell: 1 Pet 3:18-20
Died for the sins of all men: Jn 3:16; Rom 5:18; 2 Cor 5:14; 1 Tim 2:3-6; 4:10; Heb 2:9; 9:28; 1 Pet 3:18; 1 Jn 2:1-2
Eternal life: Jn 17:3; 1 Jn 1:2; 5:20
Exorcized demons: Mt 8:31-32; 15:22-28; Mk 1:25-26; 5:8-13; Lk 11:18-22
First-born (pre-eminent) of creation in his human nature: Col 1:15
First-born from the dead: Col 1:18; Rev 1:5
First-born Son of God: Heb 1:6
Forgives sins: Mt 9:6; Mk 2:5; Lk 5:23-24; 7:47-50; Jn 8:10-12; 20:23
Fullness of revelation: Mt 11:25-27; 24:35; Lk 10:22; Jn 1:1, 9, 14, 17; 14:9; Heb 1:1-3; Jude 3
God (Greek, "theos"): Mt 1:23; 28:18; Jn 1:1, 14; 8:58; 10:30; 16:15; 17:5; 20:28; 1 Cor 8:4-6; Phil 2:5-11; Col 1:19; 2:9; 1 Tim 1:17; Tit 2:13; Heb 1:2-4, 5-14; Rev 22:13
Grew in his human life and wisdom: Lk 2:40
Healing miracles: Mt 4:23-24; 9:2-8, 18-25, 27-30; Jn 11:38-44
High priest and sacrifice present now in heaven: Heb 4:14-15; 5:5, 10; 9:11-14, 24-27; 10:11-12, 21
Holy One of God: Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34; Jn 6:69; Rev 3:7
Image of the Invisible God: Col 1:15
Incarnation: Jn 1:1, 14; Phil 2:5-11; 1 Tim 3:16; Heb 10:5-7; 1 Jn 1:1-3; 4:2-3; 2 Jn 7
Jewish: Mt 1:1-17; Mk 10:47-48; Lk 3:23-33; Jn 4:9; Rom 1:3; 9:5; 2 Tim 2:8
Judge of the living and the dead: Jn 5:22; Acts 10:42; 1 Cor 4:4; 2 Tim 4:1, 8
Kenosis: Phil 2:7
King of kings and Lord of lords: 1 Tim 6:15; Rev 17:14; 19:16
Lamb of God: Jn 1:29, 36; 1 Cor 5:7; 1 Pet 1:19; Rev 5:6, 8, 12-13; 6:1, 16; 7:9, 10, 14, 17; 8:1; 12:11; 13:8; 14:1, 4, 10; 15:3; 17:14; 19:7, 9; 21:9, 14, 22, 23, 27; 22:1, 3
Light of the world: Jn 8:12; 9:5
Lord: Rom 1:4; 5:1; 10:9; 1 Cor 2:8; 8:6; 12:3; Eph 4:5; Phil 2:11; 2 Thess 2:1; Jas 2:1; 1 Pet 1:3; Jude 21
Lord of the living and the dead: Rom 14:9
Makes us God's children through the Holy Spirit: Jn 1:12; Rom 8:12-17; Gal 4:6-7
Man: Mt 1:20-21; Jn 1:14; Acts 2:22; 17:31; Phil 2:7-8; 1 Tim 2:5; 3:16; 2 Jn 7
Mediator between God and man: Jn 14:6; Rom 8:34; 1 Tim 2:5; Heb 9:15; 12:24; 1 Jn 2:1-2
Obedience to the Father out of love: Mt 26:39-44; Jn 14:31; Heb 5:8
Power of God: 1 Cor 1:24
Pre-existent: Jn 1:1, 14; 8:58; 17:5; Phil 2:5-11
Rock: 1 Cor 10:4; 1 Pet 2:8
Savior: Lk 2:11; Jn 4:42; Acts 4:12; 5:31; 13:23; Eph 5:23; Phil 3:20; Tit 2:13; 1 Jn 4:14
Sinless: Jn 8:46; 2 Cor 5:21; Heb 4:15; 1 Pet 2:22
Son of God: Mt 2:15; 3:17; 4:3, 6; 8:29; 11:27; 16:16; 26:63; 27:43, 54; Mk 1:1, 11; 3:11; Lk 1:35; Jn 3:16; Rom 1:4; 2 Cor 1:19; Heb 4:14; 1 Jn 4:15; Rev 2:18
Son of Man: Mt 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 25:31; 26:64; Mk 9:31; Jn 9:35-37; Acts 7:56; Rev 1:13
Suffering: Mt 26:28, 67-68; 27:28-31, 34-36, 44, 46-50; Mk 14:33-41, 65; 15:17-20, 23-37; Lk 22:42-45, 63-65; 23:11, 22, 32-46; Jn 19:1-3, 5, 16-18, 28-30; Heb 5:7-8; 12:2
Tested by the devil: Mt 4:1-11; Mk 1:12-13; Lk 4:1-13: Heb 2:18; 4:15
Transfiguration of Jesus: Mt 17:1-8; Mk 9:2-8; Lk 9:28-36
Virginally conceived: Mt 1:18, 20, 23; Lk 1:26-35
Way, the Truth, and the Life: Jn 14:6
Wisdom of God: 1 Cor 1:24
Word of God: Jn 1:1, 14; 14:24; 1 Jn 1:1; 5:7; Rev 19:13 See also Authority; God; Holy Spirit; Resurrection of Jesus Christ; Second Coming; Trinity
Jews
"All Israel" will eventually be saved: Rom 11:1, 11, 15, 25-32
Apostolic mission initially only to the Jewish people: Mt 10:6, 23; Acts 2:36-39; 4:8-12; 5:31
Jesus Christ should be proclaimed to Jew and Gentile alike: Mt 28:19-20; Mk 16:15; Lk 24:47; Jn 3:16; Acts 1:8; 2:36-39; 3:12; 4:8-12; 5:31; 9:15, 19-22; 10:34-36, 43; 13:23; Rom 1:16; 10:1, 12-13: 1 Cor 1:24; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11
Jesus' earthly mission was primarily directed to the House of Israel: Mt 10:6; 15:24; 27:11; Acts 10:39; 13:23-24, 32-33
New Covenant of Jesus Christ includes Jews who accept him as the Messiah: Acts 4:8-12; Rom 11:27; 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:13-16; Heb 8:8-10
Permanence of God's covenant promises with Israel: Rom 11:1-2, 11-12, 15, 23, 26, 28-29
Persecution of the Church by some of the Jewish leadership: Mt 10:17; Mk 13:9; Jn 16:2; Acts 4:1-21; 5:17-18, 27-33, 40; 6:12-15; 7:1, 54-60; 8:1-3; 9:12; 12:1-5; 13:45, 50; 14:2; 17:13; 21:30-35; 22:30; 23:2-3, 12-15; 1 Thess 2:14-16
Possessors of a special mission from God: Rom 3:2; 9:4-5
Salvation comes from the Jewish People: Jn 4:22; Acts 13:23; Rom 9:4-5
Scandalized by the crucifixion of Jesus: 1 Cor 1:23
United with Gentiles in the community of the one Church: 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Eph 2:11-22; Col 3:11
See also Church; Evangelization
John the Baptist
Ascetic: Mt 3:1, 4; 9:14; 11:19; Mk 1:4, 6; Lk 1:15; 3:2; 7:33
Baptized Jesus Christ: Mt 3:13-17; Mk 1:9-11; Lk 3:21-22; Jn 1:32-34
Baptized others in Israel in preparation for the Messiah: Mt 3:11-12; Mk 1:7-8; Lk 3:16-16; Jn 1:26-27
Criticized many of the Pharisees and Sadducees: Mt 3:7-10
Filled with the Holy Spirit from his mother's womb: Lk 1:15
Fulfilled the role of Elijah but was not Elijah: Mt 11:14; Mk 9:11-13; Lk 1:17; Jn 1:21
Greatest among the Old Covenant prophets: Mt 11:11
Imprisoned and martyred by Herod Antipas: Mt 14:3-12; Mk 6:17-29; Lk 3:19-20; 9:9
Prophet: Mt 14:5; Mk 6:15; 11:32; Lk 1:76; 7:26
Relative of Jesus: Lk 1:36
Son of Zechariah and Elizabeth: Lk 1:5-25, 57-66
Teaching of John: Lk 3:3, 7-19; Jn 1:20-27
Joseph
Angelic communication with Joseph: Mt 1:20; 2:13, 19
Betrothed to Mary before the conception of Jesus: Mt 1:18; Lk 1:27
Carpenter (Greek, tekton): Mt 13:55
Descendant of David: Mt 1:20; Lk 1:27
Foster-father of Jesus: Mt 1:16; Lk 3:23; Jn 1:45; 6:42
Just (righteous) man: Mt 1:19
Judgment
After death: Heb 9:27
Christians to be judged by the Lord: 1 Cor 3:13-17; 4:3-5; 1 Cor 11:32; Col 3:23-24; 2 Tim 1:18
Jesus Christ is the Judge: Mt 16:27; Jn 5:22; Acts 10:42; 1 Cor 4:4; 2 Cor 5:10 ("judgment seat of Christ"); 2 Tim 4:1, 8
Judgment by God on the basis of one's works and intentions: Mt 7:21-23; 16:27; 24:45-51; 25:34-46; Rom 2:16; 1 Cor 3:8-9, 12-15; Gal 6:7-9; Col 3:23-24; 1 Pet 1:17; Rev 22:12
Judgment of the nations: Mt 25:31-46
Saints will be involved with judgment of the world, including angels: 1 Cor 6:2-3
Justice
Basis for God's judgment of the nations: Acts 17:30-32; Rom 2:6-8
Central, along with mercy and faithfulness, to doing God's will: Mt 23:23; Lk 11:42
Christians should be just and not show preference for the rich over the poor: Jas 2:1-7, 9
Mercy triumphs over justice for those who have been merciful: Mt 5:7; Lk 6:36; Jas 2:13
Proclaimed to the nations by the Messiah: Mt 12:1
Justification
By faith in Christ and not works of the Law: Rom 3:28, 30; 4:5; 5:1; Gal 2:16; 3:8; Phil 3:9; Tit 3:5
By the grace through faith: Acts 15:11; Rom 3:22-25; Eph 2:8; Tit 3:7
Involving genuine obedience and love of God: Mt 7:21; 24:31-46; Rom 6:13-18; 1 Cor 2:9; Jas 2:17, 24; 1 Jn 2:29; 3:7
Not by "faith alone": Jas 2:24
Resurrection of Jesus and justification: Rom 4:25
Righteousness or justification can be increased: Rom 6:19-22; 1 Tim 6:11; 2 Tim 2:22; 3:16 ("training in righteousness"); 4:8; Heb 12:11 (discipline yields the "fruit of righteousness"); 1 Jn 3:7; Rev 22:11
See also Merit; Salvation; Sanctification; Works
Law
Jesus distinguished between the written Law of Moses, which is the Word of God, and human traditions: Mt 15:1-9; Mk 7:1-13
Jesus fulfills the Law of Moses: Mt 5:17; Lk 16:16; 24:44; Jn 1:45; 5:39; 8:17; 10:34-36; 15:25; Eph 2:15
Justification apart from works of Law and through faith in Christ: Rom 3:28; Gal 2:16; Phil 3:9
Law given by God through Moses, complemented by the writings of the prophets: Mt 5:17; 7:12; Lk 2:22-27, 39; 16:16; 24:44; Jn 1:45; 7:19; Acts 13:15
Law gives man awareness of his sin and his weakness: Rom 5:20; 7:9; 2 Cor 3:6; Gal 3:19
Law of Christ (love): 1 Cor 9:21; Gal 6:2
Law of liberty: Jas 1:25; 2:12
Law of the Spirit of life: Rom 8:2
Love fulfills the Law: Rom 13:8-10; Gal 5:14
Love of God and love of neighbor sums up the Law: Mt 22:34-40; Mk 12:28-34; Lk 10:25-28
Moral law of the commandments is necessary: Mt 19:17; Mk 10:19; Jn 14:15; Rom 2:13-16; 1 Cor 7:19
Mosaic Law prepared the way for the order of justification by grace through faith in Christ: Gal 3:23-25
Natural law: Jn 1:9; Rom 2:12-16
Royal law (love): Jas 2:8
Weightier matters of the Law: justice, mercy, and faith: Mt 23:23
See also Salvation; Works
Love
Disciples were commanded to love each other: Jn 13:34-35; 15:12, 17; 1 Jn 3:11, 23; 4:21
Disciples will keep Jesus' commandments out of love: Jn 14:15, 21, 23-24; 15:12
Enemies should be loved: Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27; 23:34; Acts 7:60; Rom 12:14, 17, 20; 13:8-10; 1 Pet 3:9
First great commandment is love of God: Mt 22:37-38; Mk 12:30
Fruit of the Spirit includes love: Gal 5:22
Fulfills the Law: Mk 12:33; Rom 13:8-10; Gal 5:14
God is love: 1 Jn 4:8,10
God's love for us: Jn 3:16; Rom 5:5, 8-11; 8:31-39; Eph 2:4-7
Greatest act of love is to lay down one's life for one's friends: Jn 15:13
Greatest of the virtues is love: 1 Cor 13:13
Hatred of neighbor is incompatible with love of God: 1 Jn 4:20
Love realized in obedience to God's commandments: Jn 14:15; 15:10; 1 Jn 2:5; 5:2-3
Necessity of love: 1 Cor 2:9; 13:2-3; 16:22; Gal 5:6; Jas 1:12; 2:5; 1 Jn 5:3
Nothing can separate us from the love of Christ: Rom 8:35-39
Paul's hymn regarding love: 1 Cor 13:1-13
Second great commandment is love of neighbor: Mt 22:39; Mk 12:31; 1 Jn 4:11, 21
Truth in love: Gal 4:16; Eph 4:15
Lust
Adultery in the heart: Mt 5:28
Abstain from lust: 1 Thess 4:5
Earthly qualities to be "put to death": Col 3:5
See also Chastity; Sexual sin
Man
Affected deeply by sin: Mt 7:11; Jn 1:10-12; Rom 3:23; 5:12-19; 7:18-20; 1 Jn 1:8
Body and soul unity of the human person: Mt 10:28
Christ the perfect image of God: Col 1:15
Created male and female: Mt 19:4
Fundamental equality of all human beings: Acts 17:26; Gal 3:28; Eph 6:9; Col 3:11; Philem 16
Image of God: 1 Cor 11:7
New creation in Christ: 2 Cor 5:17
Redeemed by Christ: Rom 3:24; 1 Cor 1:30; Gal 3:13-14; Col 1:13-14
Redeemed man conformed to the image of Christ: Rom 8:29; 1 Cor 15:45-49; Col 3:10
See also Reason; Sin; Soul
Magic (Sorcery)
Condemned: Acts 13:6-11; 19:19; Gal 5:20; Rev 21:8; 22:15
Magisterium. See Apostles; Authority; Church
Marriage (Matrimony)
Challenges of the spiritual life for married couples: 1 Cor 7:25-28, 32-35
Honorable: Heb 13:4
Husbands are to love their wives as Christ self-sacrificially loved the Church: Eph 5:25-33; Col 3:19; 1 Pet 3:7
Jesus' teaching on marriage and divorce: Mt 19:5; Mk 10:7; Lk 16:18
Marriage must be between a man and a woman: Mt 19:4-5; Mk 10:6-8
Marriage reflects the union of Christ and the Church: Eph 5:25, 31
Mutuality of: 1 Cor 7:3-5; Eph 5:21; 1 Pet 3:7
No marriage in the resurrection of the dead: Mt 22:24-30; Mk 12:19-25; Lk 20:28-36
Paul's teaching on marriage, divorce: 1 Cor 7:10-11
Remarriage after death of spouse is permitted: 1 Cor 7:8-9, 39
Spouses are join heirs of the life of grace: 1 Pet 3:7
Unbaptized person married to a baptized person: 1 Cor 7:12-16
Wives are to subject themselves to their husbands for the love of Christ: Eph 5:22-24; Col 3:18; 1 Pet 3:1
See also Divorce
Mary, Mother of Jesus
All generations will call Mary blessed: Lk 1:48
Annunciation: Lk 1:26-38
Asked Jesus to work his first miracle: Jn 2:3-5, 7-11
At the crucifixion of Jesus: Jn 19:25-27
Faithful believer of God's Word: Lk 1:38, 45
Full of grace: Lk 1:28
Mother of the disciples of the Lord: Jn 19:26-27; Rev 12:1-2, 4-6, 13-17
Mother of God ("the Lord"): Lk 1:43
Mother of Sorrows, who suffers along with Jesus: Lk 2:35
Overshadowed by the Holy Spirit: Lk 1:35
Purified according to the Law: Lk 2:22
Saved by God: Lk 1:47
Venerated by Spirit-filled Elizabeth: Lk 1:41-45
Venerated by the angel Gabriel: Lk 1:28
Virgin Mother of Jesus: Mt 1:18, 20, 23, 25; 2:13; Lk 1:27, 34-35
Visitation with her kinswoman Elizabeth: Lk 1:39-56
With the apostles and other disciples after the Ascension of Jesus: Acts 1:14
Woman Clothed with the Sun: Rev 12:1-2
See also Motherhood
Mass. See Eucharist
Mediator. See Covenant; Jesus
Mercy
Compassion: Col 3:12
God desires mercy: Mt 9:13; 18:23-35
Merciful people shall receive a reward: Mt 10:42
Those who are merciful will obtain mercy: Mt 5:7
Merit
God rewards our works done for the right reason: Mt 5:12, 46; 6:4, 5, 18, 19-21; 10:41-42; 19:28; Rom 2:5; 1 Cor 3:8, 14; 9:24; Col 3:23-24; 1 Tim 6:17-19; 2 Tim 4:7; Heb 6:10; 10:35-36; 2 Jn 8; Rev 22:12
Our works of obedience are themselves the result of God working in us: Phil 2:13
See also Grace; Salvation; Works
Motherhood
Church's motherhood: Gal 4:26; Rev 21:2
Mary's motherhood: Mt 1:18, 20, 23, 25; 2:13; Lk 1:27, 34-35, 43; Jn 19:26-27; Rev 12:1-2, 4-6, 13-17
Mothers to be honor: Eph 6:2
Mothers to rule their households: 1 Tim 5:14
Older women to be treated as mothers: 1 Tim 5:2
Paul's use of the mother metaphor: Gal 4:19
Salvific value of motherhood: 1 Tim 2:15; 5:14
See also Family; Woman
Natural Law. See Conscience; Law
New Covenant. See Covenant
Original sin
All human beings affected by the sin of the first man: Rom 5:12-19
Fallen man's disposition to sin: Rom 7:13-25
Universality of sin among humanity: Rom 3:9-12, 22-23
See also Sin
Papacy. See Peter
Paul
Apostle to the Gentiles: Rom 11:13: 1 Cor 9:1; Gal 2:7
Benjaminite: Phil 3:5
Called to be an Apostle of Jesus Christ: Rom 1:1; Gal 1:1, 12; 1 Cor 1:1; 9:1; 15:8; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 1 Tim 1:1; 2 Tim 1:1
Conversion story: Acts 9:1-19; 22:6-16; 26:12-18
Disagreement with Barnabas regarding Mark: Acts 15:36-40
Disagreement with Peter: Gal 2:11-14
Former persecutor of the Church: Acts 7:58; 8:1-3; 9:1-2; 22:4; 26:9-11; 1 Cor 15:9; Gal 1:13; Phil 3:6
Former Pharisee: Acts 23:6; 26:5; Phil 3:5
From Tarsus: Acts 21:39; 22:3
His letters referred to by Peter: 2 Pet 3:15-17
Knew James the kinsman of Jesus: Gal 1:19; 2:9
Knew John: Gal 2:9
Knew Peter (Cephas): Gal 1:18; 2:9, 11-21
Roman citizen: Acts 16:37-38; 22:25-29; 23:27
Submitted his teaching to the other apostles, including Peter: Gal 2:2, 6-10
Student of Gamaliel: Acts 22:3
Teacher of the Gentiles: 1 Tim 2:7
See also Apostles; Peter
Peace
Among the fruit of the Spirit: Gal 5:22
Christians called to live peaceably with all: Rom 12:18; 14:19; 2 Tim 2:22; Heb 12:14
God of peace: Rom 15:33; 1 Cor 14:33; Phil 4:9; Heb 13:20
Good news of peace: Acts 10:36; Eph 6:15
Jesus' call for people to be at peace with one another: Mk 9:50
Jesus did not come to establish a worldly peace, but to distinguish those who embrace the Kingdom of God from those who do not: Mt 10:34-36
Jesus is the peace of believers: Eph 2:14-17; Col 1:20
Peace is an aspect of the kingdom of God: Rom 14:17
Peacemakers are blessed: Mt 5:9; Jas 3:18
Peace of Christ: Jn 14:27; 16:33; Col 3:15
Peace with God through Jesus Christ: Rom 5:1
Son of peace: Lk 10:6
Penance, Sacrament of
Authority to forgive sins given by God to men: Mt 9:8
Authority to forgive sins given by Jesus to Peter ("binding and loosing"): Mt 16:18-19
Authority to forgive sins given to the Twelve ("binding and loosing"): Mt 18:15-18; Jn 20:19-23
Paul was given a ministry of reconciliation: 2 Cor 5:18
Satisfaction for sins repented of: Mt 3:8; Lk 3:8; Acts 8:22-23
See also Confession of sins; Reconciliation; Salvation
Perseverance. See Salvation
Peter
Authority to bind and loose: Mt 16:18-19
Brother of Andrew: Mt 4:18; Lk 6:14; Jn 1:40; 6:8
"Cephas" was another form of Peter's name: Jn 1:42; 1 Cor 15:5
Commendation of Paul's letters: 2 Pet 3:15-16
Denied Jesus three times: Mt 26:69-75; Jn 18:15-18, 25-27
First to proclaim Christ to the Gentiles: Acts 10:25-48
Fisherman by trade: Mt 4:18-22; Mk 1:16-20; Lk 5:1-11; Jn 1:40-42
Healing of Peter's mother-in-law by Jesus: Mt 8:14-15
Identifies Jesus as the Christ: Mt 16:16; Mk 8:29; Lk 9:20
Jesus changed his name from Simon to Peter (Cephas): Mt 16:18; Mk 3:16; Lk 6:14; Jn 1:42
Jesus prays for him that his faith would not fail: Lk 22:31-32
Keys to the Kingdom of Heaven were given to Peter by Jesus: Mt 16:18-19
Martyrdom prophesied by Jesus: Jn 21:18-19
Primacy among the Twelve: Mt 10:2; 16:18-19; Lk 22:31; Jn 21:15-19; Acts 1:15-22; 2:14-36; 15:7-11
Rebuked Jesus: Mt 16:22-23
Rock on whom the Church of Christ is built: Mt 16:18
Simon Bar-Jona/Simon Son of John was his original name: Mt 16:17; Jn 1:42
Shepherd of Christ's flock: Jn 21:15-19; cf. Jn 10:11, 14
Special resurrection appearance of Jesus to Peter: Lk 24:34; 1 Cor 15:5
Spokesman for and leader of the disciples: Mk 16:7; 1 Cor 15:5
Wrote 1 Pet from Rome, cryptically referred to as "Babylon": 1 Pet 5:13
See also Paul
Poor
Blessedness of the righteous poor: Lk 6:20-21
Blessing of detachment from belongs ("poor in spirit"): Mt 5:3
Christians should be concerned about the poor: Mt 19:21; Mk 14:7; Lk 14:13; 18:22; Rom 15:26; Gal 2:10; 1 Tim 6:18; Heb 13:16
Church's ministry with the poor: Acts 6:1-3; Rom 15:26; 1 Cor 16:1-4; 2 Cor 8:1-5, 11-13; Gal 2:10; Eph 4:28
God's concern for the poor: Mt 11:5; Lk 4:18; 6:20; 14:13, 21; 16:19-31; Jas 2:5
Jesus' identification with the poor: 2 Cor 8:9
Love of the poor linked to love of God: 1 Jn 3:17
Not to be oppressed or discriminated against: Jas 2:2-6
Poor are people to whom Jesus proclaimed the gospel message: Lk 4:18; 7:22
Righteous poor are blessed because they are heirs of God's kingdom: Mt 5:3; Lk 6:20; 16:19-25; Jas 2:5-6
See also Greed; Wealth
Pope. See Peter
Prayer
Benedictus ("Prayer of Zechariah"): Lk 1:68-79)
Christ's prayer for his disciples ("High Priestly Prayer"): Jn 17:1-26
Constant prayer: Rom 12:12; Eph 5:20; 6:18; 1 Thess 5:17
Faith-filled prayer: Mt 21:22; Mk 11:24; Jas 1:6-8
For enemies: Mt 5:44
Hail Mary ("Ave Maria"): Lk 1:28, 42
Ineffectiveness of prayer without faith: Jas 1:6-8
Intercessory prayer: Acts 7:60; 12:5; Col 1:9-12; 4:12; Heb 13:18-19; Jas 5:16-17
Jesus' practice of prayer: Mt 11:25-26; 14:23; 26:36-44; Mk 1:35; 6:46; 14:32-39; Lk 3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18, 28-29; 11:1; 22:32; 22:41-45; Jn 11:41-42; 17:1-26; Heb 5:7
Jesus' teaching on prayer: Mt 6:5-13; 7:7-11; Lk 11:2-4
Magnificat ("Prayer of Our Lady"): Lk 1:46-55
Non-Christian's prayers: Acts 10:4
Nunc Dimittis ("Prayer of Simeon"): Lk 2:29-32
Our Father ("Pater Noster"; "The Lord's Prayer"): Mt 6:9-13; Lk 11:2-4
Persistence in prayer: Mt 7:7-8; Lk 2:37; 6:12; 11:5-13
Prayers for the dead: 2 Tim 1:16-18
Repetition in prayer is not wrong in itself: Mt 26:44; Rev 4:8-11
Warning against verbose or unnecessarily repetitive prayer: Mt 6:7-8
See also Intercession of the Saints
Predestination
Election to salvation by the eternal knowledge and plan of God: Mt 20:23; Jn 10:29; Acts 4:28; Rom 8:28-30; Eph 1:3-14; 2 Tim 1:9
Mystery of human freedom must be affirmed: Mt 4:17; 23:37; Jn 1:12-13; Phil 2:12-13; 2 Pet 1:10; 3:9
Universal salvific will must be affirmed: Mt 18:14; Jn 3:16; 2 Cor 5:19; 1 Tim 2:3-4; 2 Pet 3:9
See also Election; Freedom; God; Salvation; Works
Pre-existence. See Jesus
Presbyters (later called priests). See Elders
Pride
Appropriate pride: Rom 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31; 2 Cor 1:14; 5:12; 7:4, 14; Phil 2:16; Heb 3:6
Sinful pride: Mk 7:21-22; Lk 1:51; Rom 11:20; 2 Cor 10:5; 2 Tim 3:2; Jas 4:6; 1 Jn 2:16
Priesthood
Church as a royal priesthood: 1 Pet 2:5, 9; Rev 1:6; 5:10; 20:6
Jesus Christ's priesthood. See Jesus
Ministerial priesthood. See Elders
Prophet
Jesus: Mt 13:57; 21:11; Lk 4:24; Jn 4:44
John the Baptist: Mt 14:5; Mk 6:15; 11:32; Lk 1:76; 7:26
Prophets in the early Church: Acts 11:27; 13:1; 15:32; 21:9-11; Rom 16:26; 1 Cor 12:28-29; 14:37; Eph 2:20; 3:5; 1 Tim 1:18; 4:14
Purgatory
Christians' works are tested by "fire" in judgment, and Christians may "suffer loss": 1 Cor 3:12-15
Prayer for the deceased Onesiphorus implying possibility of purification after death: 2 Tim 1:15-18
Need for purification to dwell in heaven implies purgation before entering into God's heavenly presence: Heb 12:14; Rev 21:27
Temporal punishment as discipline leading to purification: Heb 12:6-11, 23
Temporal punishment for sin: Mt 5:25-26; 12:32; Lk 12:58
Ransom. See Atonement; Redemption; Salvation
Real Presence. See Eucharist
Reason
Can know of God's existence and the moral law: Jn 1:9; Acts 14:17; 17:27; Rom 1:20; 7:23-25
Damaged by sin and inclined to error as a result of sin: Jn 3:19; Acts 14:15; 17:29-30; Rom 1:21, 28; 2 Cor 4:4; Col 2:8; Tit 1:15
Not the ultimate basis for the Christian's understanding of God: 1 Cor 1:19-24; 2:1-13; 2 Cor 5:7; Col 2:8
Renewed mind in Christ: Rom 12:2; Eph 4:23
Reconciliation
All things reconciled through Christ: Col 1:19-20
Jew and Gentile reconciled through Christ: Eph 2:15-16
Ministry of reconciliation: 2 Cor 5:18
Sinners reconciled by God through Christ: Rom 5:11; 11:15; 2 Cor 5:18-21
With neighbor: Mt 5:24
Reconciliation, Sacrament of. See Penance, Sacrament of
Redemption
Christ became sin so that in him we might become the righteousness of God: 2 Cor 5:21
From the curse of the Law: Gal 3:13
Future aspect of redemption: Rom 8:23; Eph 4:30
Ransomed by Christ: Mt 20:28; 1 Tim 2:6; 1 Pet 1:18; Rev 5:9
Redemption through the death of Christ: Rom 3:24; 1 Cor 1:30; Gal 3:13; 4:4-5; Eph 1:7; Col 1:14; Tit 2:14; Heb 9:12, 15
See also Atonement; Sacrifice; Salvation
Regeneration
New birth through water of baptism and the Spirit: Jn 3:3, 5
Washing of regeneration: Tit 3:5
See also Baptism
Reincarnation
Contrary to biblical teaching regarding what occurs after death: Lk 16:23; 2 Cor 5:8; Phil 1:23; Heb 9:27; 12:23; Rev 6:9-11; 20:4-5
Relics
Fringe of Christ's garment healed a woman who touched it in faith: Mt 9:20; Lk 8:44
Healing power mediated through Peter's shadow shows that things associated with holy people can have miraculous effects: Acts 5:15
Paul's handkerchiefs and aprons healed the sick: Acts 19:11-12
Some of Jesus' disciples anointed his body for burial, which shows veneration for the body of the holy dead: Mk 16:1; Lk 24:1; Jn 19:39
Spittle and clay used to heal a blind man: Jn 9:1-7
Reprobation. See Hell; Judgment
Resurrection
Imperishable mode of existence: Lk 20:36; 1 Cor 15:42, 50
Jesus debated the Sadducees regarding the resurrection of the dead, which they denied: Mt 22:23-32; Mk 12:18-27: Lk 20:27-38
No marriage in the resurrected state: Mt 22:30; Mk 12:25; Lk 20:35
Resurrection of the baptized at the Second Coming: 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Thess 4:15-17
Righteous and wicked both resurrected but to different fates: Jn 5:29; Acts 24:15; 1 Cor 15:12, 20-22, 23, 35-57; 2 Cor 5:1-4; Phil 3:21; Rev 20:11-15
Transformation to a new kind of spiritualized physical (bodily) existence: Rom 8:11, 23; 1 Cor 15:35-57; 2 Cor 5:1-5
See also Body; Immortality; Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Resurrection of Jesus Christ
All the apostles saw the resurrected Jesus: Lk 24:36-53; 1 Cor 15:8
Appearance by the Sea of Tiberias: Jn 21:1-23
Bodily nature of Jesus' resurrection: Lk 24:37-40; Jn 2:19, 21; 20:17, 27; 21:12-13; Acts 1:3; Rom 10:9; 1 Cor 15:4-8, 20; 2 Tim 2:8; 1 Pet 3:21; Rev 1:5, 18
Eleven in Galilee saw him: Mt 28:16-20
Five hundred witnesses at once saw him: 1 Cor 15:6
James, a relative of Jesus ("brother of the Lord"), saw him: 1 Cor 15:7
Mary Magdalene and the other women saw him: Mt 28:9; Mk 16:9; Lk 23:55
Paul saw the risen Jesus: Acts 9:27; 1 Cor 9:1; 15:8
Peter (Cephas) saw the risen Jesus: 1 Cor 15:5
Thomas saw the risen Jesus: Jn 20:24-29
Twelve Apostles saw the risen Jesus: Jn 20:26-29; 1 Cor 15:5; Acts 1:26
Two disciples on the road to Emmaus saw him: Mk 16:12; Lk 24:13-32
See also Jesus; Resurrection
Revelation
Apostles communicated revelation: Acts 10:10-16, 27-29; 15:28; Gal 1:11-12, 16; 2 Pet 3:2: Jude 17-18
Communication of hidden things: Mt 11:25; Eph 3:8-9
Finality and fullness of Revelation in Jesus Christ: Mt 11:25-27; 24:35; Mk 13:31; Lk 10:22; 21:33; Jn 1:1, 14; 14:9; Heb 1:1-3; Jude 3
Holy Spirit reveals and leads to the truth of Christ: Jn 14:26; 15:26; 16:13-14
Made known through the Church: Mt 28:18-20; Eph 3:10; 1 Tim 3:15
Paul's received revelation of the mystery revealed through the apostles: Eph 3:3
Paul's revelation to go up to Jerusalem: Gal 2:2
See also Jesus; Scripture; Tradition; Truth; Word of God
Reward. See Merit
Riches. See Wealth
Righteousness. See Justification; Merit; Salvation; Sanctification; Works
Sacraments. See entries under each sacrament: Baptism; Confirmation; Eucharist; Penance (Confession/Reconciliation); Marriage (Matrimony); Holy Orders; and Anointing of the Sick
Sacrifice
Christians are to present themselves as living sacrifices to God: Rom 12:1
Eucharist is a sacrifice: Mt 26:26-29; Mk 14:24; Lk 22:19-20; Jn 6:51; 1 Cor 10:16-22; Heb 13:10
Expiation for sin: Heb 9:22
Jesus's death was a sacrifice for sins: Mk 14:22-24; 1 Cor 11:23-26; Eph 5:2; Heb 7:27; 9:26; 10:12; Rev 5:6, 12
Obedience is better than physical sacrifices: Mt 9:13; 12:7
Sacrifice of praise: Heb 13:15
Spiritual sacrifices: 1 Pet 2:5
See also Atonement; Eucharist; Reconciliation; Redemption; Salvation
Saints
Angels called "holy" (i.e., saints): Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; Acts 10:22; Rev 14:10
Angels venerated (not given divine worship, but shown respect and honor) because they are in the presence of God and are his messengers: Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; 24:5
Apostles called "holy" (i.e., saints): Eph 3:5
Baptized persons are "saints" in that they have been consecrated in the Holy Spirit: Acts 9:13; Rom 1:7; 8:27; 1 Cor 1:2; 6:11; Eph 1:1; 2:19
Dead holy people are also called saints: Mt 27:52; Eph 2:19-20; 2 Thess 1:10; Rev 11:18
Fullness of holiness makes one a complete saint: Lk 1:28; Phil 1:10; 1 Thess 5:23; Heb 12:14; Rev 21:27
Imitation of holy people commanded: 1 Cor 4:15-16; 11:1-2; Phil 3:17; 1 Thess 1:6-7; 2 Thess 3:7-9; Heb 6:12; 11:32-38; 13:7; Jas 5:10-11
Mary, the Mother of Jesus, was venerated by the angel Gabriel, who proclaimed her to be full of grace, and she was venerated by Elizabeth: Lk 1:28, 1:41-45
Prophets called "holy" (i.e., saints): Lk 1:70; Acts 3:21; 2 Pet 3:2
As holy ones in heaven: Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; 1 Thess 3:13; Heb 12:1, 22-23; Rev 4:4; 5:8-10; 7:9-17
See also Intercession of the Saints; Sanctification
Salvation
Assurance in hope: 2 Thess 2:16; 1 Jn 2:28
Assurance is not absolute: Jn 8:51; 1 Cor 9:24-27; 1 Jn 2:28
Belief and baptism bring salvation: Mk 16:16; 1 Pet 3:21
By grace through faith: Acts 15:11; 16:31; Rom 3:22-24; 10:10; Eph 2:8; Phil 3:9
By grace, man can contribute to his salvation: Rom 6:16-18; Phil 2:12-13
Hope: Rom 8:24; 1 Thess 5:8; Tit 1:2; 3:7
New creation: 2 Cor 5:17
Obedience necessary for salvation: Jn 8:51; Rom 6:16-18; Heb 5:9; 1 Pet 1:22
Perseverance, endurance, and steadfastness required for salvation: Mt 10:22; 24:13; Lk 21:19; Rom 2:7; 15:4; 1 Cor 15:58; Eph 6:18; Heb 3:6, 12-13; 10:23, 36; 12:1; Jas 1:4, 25; Rev 13:10
Physical salvation: Mt 27:42; Lk 7:50; Acts 27:31; 1 Pet 3:20; Jude 5
Possibility of losing salvation: Mt 6:14-15; 12:31-32; Mk 11:25; Rom 11:20; 1 Cor 9:24-26; Gal 5:21; Phil 3:12-14; 2 Tim 2:12; Heb 6:4-6; 2 Pet 2:20-22; 1 Jn 3:15; Rev 2:5, 10, 16, 25
Spiritual salvation: Lk 8:12; Jn 3:16; Acts 4:12; 1 Cor 5:5; Eph 2:8; Tit 3:5; 1 Pet 3:21
Salvation as a future event: Rom 5:9-10; 13:11-12; Phil 3:12-14; Heb 9:28; 1 Pet 1:5, 9; 2:2
Salvation as a past event: Rom 8:24; Eph 2:8-9; 2 Tim 1:9; Tit 3:5
Salvation as a present event: 1 Cor 1:18; 15:2; 2 Cor 2:15; 4:16-18
Universal salvific will: Jn 3:16; 12:32; Col 1:20; 1 Tim 2:3-6; 2 Pet 3:9; 1 Jn 2:2
Working of faith through love is important for salvation: Gal 5:6
Working out one's salvation: Phil 2:12-13
See also Atonement; Eternal life; God; Grace; Justification; Merit; Predestination; Reconciliation; Redemption; Works
Sanctification
Holy Spirit affects sanctification: 2 Thess 2:13
Justification/righteousness linked to sanctification: Rom 6:19; 1 Cor 6:11
Necessary in order to see God: Mt 5:48; 2 Cor 7:1; 1 Thess 5:23; Heb 12:14; 1 Pet 1:15; Rev 21:27
Ongoing process in which the baptized can grow: Rom 6:19-22; 2 Cor 3:18; 4:16; 7:1; 1 Thess 3:13; 4:3, 7; 5:23; 2 Tim 2:21; Heb 2:11; 10:14; 12:14; 1 Pet 1:15, 22
Past action linked to baptism: 1 Cor 6:11; 1 Pet 1:15
Salvation is linked to the process of sanctification: Rom 6:19-22; 2 Cor 7:1; Phil 2:12; Col 1:22-23; 1 Thess 4:3, 7; 2 Thess 2:13
Satan. See Devil
Scripture
Divinely inspired: 2 Tim 3:16-17; 2 Pet 1:20-21
Instructive: Rom 15:4; 2 Tim 3:16-17
Not a matter of private interpretation: 2 Pet 1:20-21
Not the only place the Word of God is found: Jn 20:30; 21:25; Acts 1:3; 2 Thess 2:15; 2 Tim 1:13-14
Omissions in the Bible: Jn 20:30; 21:25; 2 Thess 2:15
Saving power of Scripture through Jesus Christ: 2 Tim 3:15
Spiritually nourishing: Mt 4:4
Testify to Jesus Christ: Lk 24:44-47; Jn 5:39; 1 Cor 15:3-4; 1 Pet 1:10-12
See also Church; Revelation; Sola Scriptura; Tradition
Second Coming of Christ
Blessed hope of Christians: Tit 2:13
Coming of the Lord: 1 Thess 5:23; Jas 5:7
Judgment: Mt 25:31-46; 26:64; Mk 13:26; 1 Thess 3:13; 2 Thess 2:8; 2 Tim 4:1; 2 Pet 3:12; 1 Jn 2:28; Jude 14-15; Rev 22:12
New heavens and a new earth to follow: 2 Pet 3:10, 12-13; Rev 21:1
No one knows the hour of the Second Coming: Mt 24:36; Mk 13:32; Acts 1:6-7
Preceded by definite events: Acts 3:20-21; 2 Thess 2:3-8
Resurrection will follow: 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Thess 4:14-17: Phil 3:20-21
Salvation for those who await Christ: Heb 9:28
Surprising to the unwatchful; unsurprising to the watchful: Mt 24:42-43; 25:13; Mk 13:33-37; Lk 12:35-40; 1 Thess 5:2, 4-8; 2 Pet 3:10; Rev 3:3; 16:15
Visible: Mt 24:27; 25:31; Acts 1:11; 2 Thess 2:8; 2 Tim 4:1, 8; Tit 2:13; 1 Pet 1:7, 13; Rev 1:7
Sexual sin
Begins in the heart: Mt 5:28; 15:19
Incompatible with Christian discipleship: Rom 13:13-14; 1 Cor 6:9-10; 18-20; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Thess 4:3; Eph 5:3
See also Adultery; Chastity; Fornication; Homosexual acts; Lust
Sin
Against the Holy Spirit: Mt 12:31-32: Mk 3:39
Antithesis of saving faith: Rom 14:23
Degrees of sin: Lk 12:47-48; Jn 19:11; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Jn 5:16
Enslaves the sinner: Jn 8:34
Forgiveness of sins through repentance, faith, and baptism: Acts 2:38; 22:16
Forgiven through the death and resurrection of Jesus: Mt 26:28; Jn 1:29; Acts 5:31; 13:38; Rom 4:25; Eph 1:7; Col 1:13-14
Grave or mortal sins, which exclude sinner from the Kingdom: 1 Cor 6:9-10; Gal 5:19-21; Eph 5:5-6
Incompatible with heaven: Mt 13:41; 1 Thess 5:23; Heb 12:14; Rev 21:27
Lighter sins: Jas 3:2; 1 Jn 1:8; 5:16-17
Wages of sin is death: Rom 6:23
See also Baptism; Faith; Forgiveness; Hell; Judgment; Original sin; Penance; Reconciliation; Redemption; Salvation; Sanctification; Sexual sin
Sola Scriptura
Apostolic interpretation of Scripture needed, contrary to sola scriptura: 2 Thess 2:15; 2 Pet 1:20-21
Pharisees and others misinterpret Scripture without an authoritative interpretation: Mt 15:2-9; Mk 7:1-13; Jn 5:39; Acts 8:30-32; 2 Pet 3:16
Revelation communicated apart from writing: Mt 28:19; Mk 16:15; Jn 21:24-25; 1 Cor 11:2; 2 Thess 2:15; 3:6; 2 Tim 1:13; 2:2
See also Apostles; Authority; Church; Tradition
Soul
Sometimes soul refers to the deepest aspect of the human person: Mt 22:37; 26:38; Lk 1:46; Jn 12:27; Acts 4:32
Sometimes the soul, as the principle of natural life, is distinguished from the spirit, which is open to the divine life of the Holy Spirit: Rom 8:16; 1 Thess 5:23; Heb 4:12
Spiritual aspect of man, distinct from the body: Mt 10:28; Lk 12:20; Acts 2:27; Rev 6:9; 20:4
Term can also be used for the whole person: Lk 12:19; Acts 2:41, 43; 7:14
See also Body; Man; Spirit
Spirit
Angels, good and bad, are spirits: Mt 8:16; 10:1; 12:43-5; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:11; 5:13; Lk 6:18; Acts 16:16, 18; 19:15; Gal 4:3; Eph 2:2; Col 2:8; Heb 1:14; 1 Tim 4:1; 1 Jn 4:1-3; Rev 16:13-14; 18:2
Attitude or outlook is sometimes be referred to as spirit: Mt 5:3; 26:41; Lk 1:80; 1 Cor 4:12; 2 Cor 4:13; Gal 6:1; Eph 1:17; 2 Thess 2:2; 2 Tim 1:7; 1 Pet 3:8
God is Spirit: Jn 4:24; 1 Cor 2:10
"Ghost" is another sense of the term spirit: Lk 24:37, 39
Deepest aspect of man: Mt 27:50; Mk 2:8; 8:12; Jn 4:24; 11:33; Acts 17:16; 18:25; Rom 1:9; 1 Cor 2:11; 5:5; 6:17; 7:34; 14:14-15, 32; 16:18; Phil 3:3; 4:23
Nonmaterial aspect of man: Lk 8:55; 23:46; 24:37, 39; Jn 19:30; Acts 7:59; 23:8-9; 1 Cor 7:34; Heb 12:23
Sometimes soul is distinguished from spirit: 1 Thess 5:23; Heb 4:12; 1 Pet 3:18-20
Sometimes spirit is used in a sense akin to soul, distinguished from the body: Mt 27:50; Lk 8:55; 23:46; 24:37, 39; Jn 19:30; Acts 7:59; 23:8-9; 1 Cor 7:34; 2 Cor 7:1; Heb 12:23; Jas 2:26; 1 Pet 3:19
See also Body; Holy Spirit; Man; Soul
Suffering
Christian participation in the suffering of Christ on behalf of others: 2 Cor 1:5; Eph 3:13; Phil 3:10; Col 1:24; 1 Pet 4:13
Part of Christian discipleship: Mt 16:24; Mk 8:34; Heb 12:3-11
Redemptive value of suffering: Mt 10:38; Jn 3:16; Rom 5:3-5; 8:17; 1 Cor 3:15; 2 Cor 4:16; Phil 2:8-10; 3:8-11; 2 Thess 1:5; Heb 12:4-14; 1 Pet 1:6-7; 4:13
Rejoicing in suffering: Rom 5:3; Col 1:24
See also Redemption; Salvation
Temptation
Curse upon those who deliberately bring temptation to others: Mt 18:7; Lk 17:1
God does not tempt people: Jas 1:13
God limits the extent of temptation we face: 1 Cor 10:13
Jesus' overcoming of temptation: Mt 4:1-11; Mk 1:12-13; Lk 4:1-13; Heb 2:18; 4:15
Prayer to overcome temptation: Mt 6:13; 26:41; Mk 14:38; Lk 11:4; 22:40, 46; 1 Cor 7:5
Tradition (Apostolic)
Human tradition criticized when valued over divine revelation: Mt 15:2-9; Mk 7:1-13; Col 2:8
Tradition as the deposit of truth: 2 Tim 1:13-14
Tradition as handing on the truth about Jesus from the eyewitnesses: Lk 1:2; 1 Cor 12:23; 15:3-4; 2 Pet 1:16-19; 1 Jn 1:1-3; Jude 3
Unwritten apostolic teaching as a norm for faith and practice: Mt 28:20; 1 Cor 11:2, 23; 2 Thess 2:15; 3:6; 2 Tim 1:13; Tit 1:9
See also Apostles; Authority; Church; Revelation; Sola Scriptura; Word of God
Trinity
Baptism in the Name of the Triune God: Mt 28:19
Baptism of Jesus manifests the three Persons of the Triune God: Mt 3:16-17; Mk 1:9-11; Lk 3:21-22
The Father (God) is divine and a distinct Person: Mt 6:9-13; Jn 1:18; 3:16; 14:28; 15:26; 16:28; 1 Cor 1:3; 15:24; 2 Tim 1:2; Tit 1:4; Heb 1:1-2; Jude 1
The Son (Jesus; Lord) is divine and a distinct Person: Jn 1:1, 14, 18; 10:29-30; 14:28; 1 Cor 8:6; Phil 2:6-11; Col 2:9-10; 1 Tim 1:17; 2 Tim 1:2; Tit 1:4; Heb 1:5-14; Jude 1; Rev 3:12, 21
The Holy Spirit is divine and a distinct Person: Jn 14:25-26; 15:26; 16:13-14; Acts 5:3; 28:25-26; 2 Cor 3:16-17; Eph 4:4, 30
Paul's use of Trinitarian language: 1 Cor 12:4-6; 2 Cor 13:14; Eph 3:14-19; 4:4-6
See also God; Holy Spirit; Jesus
Truth
All men have some awareness of the truth: Jn 1:9
Freedom comes from the truth: Jn 8:32
Jesus is the truth: Jn 14:6; 18:37; 18:37; Rev 3:7; 19:11
Love should be linked to truth that is spoken: Eph 4:15
Obligation of the Christian to speak the truth: Eph 4:25
Pilate's question regarding the truth: Jn 18:38
Sin obscures the truth: Jn 3:19; Rom 1:18-25; 2 Thess 2:12; 1 Jn 1:6
Spirit of truth leads the Church: Jn 14:17; 15:26; 16:13; 1 Jn 5:7
Upheld by the Church: 1 Tim 3:15
Word of God is truth: Jn 17:17
Worship involves truth: Jn 4:23-24
See also Conscience; God; Jesus; Holy Spirit; Revelation; Word of God
Typology
Adam was a "type" of Christ: Rom 5:14
Exodus is a "type" of baptism and Christian life: 1 Cor 10:1-5
Flood of Noah was a "type" or foreshadowing of baptism: 1 Pet 3:20-21
Hagar and Sarah are "types" of two covenants: Gal 4:22-26, 30-31
Manna in the desert was a "type" of the Eucharist: Jn 6:48-51
Melchizedek was a "type" of Christ: Heb 6:20-7:28
Veneration. See Saints
War
Armed force can be legitimate when exercised in the interest of justice and peace: Rom 13:4
Love of enemies: Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27, 35
Jesus depicted as a warrior in battle against evil: Rev 2:16; 19:11-16, 19-21
Jesus' use of military parable: Lk 14:31
Military personnel not required to abandon their positions, which seem to be seen as honorable in themselves: Mt 8:5-13; Lk 3:14; 7:8; Acts 10:1-6; Rom 13:4; Heb 11:32-34
Paul's use of war imagery: 2 Cor 10:3-4
Personal retaliation to be rejected: Mt 5:38-45; Rom 12:17-21
Violence as a way of life rejected: Mt 26:52-53; Rev 13:10
See also Authority
Wealth
Conflict between serving God and loving (serving) money: Mt 6:24
Dangers of wealth: Mt 13:22; 19:23-24; Lk 6:24; 16:19-31; 1 Tim 6:9; Jas 1:11; 2:6; 5:1-2
Love of money is the root of all evil: 1 Tim 6:10
See also Greed; Poor
Woman
Equal to and yet distinct from man: Mt 19:4; in Christ: 1 Cor 7:2-4; 11:3, 11-12; Gal 3:28; Eph 5:21-33
Title for the mother of Jesus: Jn 2:4; 19:26-27
See also Man; Marriage; Motherhood
Word of God
Believed by Mary: Lk 1:45; cf. Lk 11:27-28
Body of doctrine is taken from the Word of God: 2 Tim 1:13; 3:16-17; Tit 1:9
Cleansing through the water of baptism and the Word proclaimed: Eph 5:26-27
Jesus as the complete Word, the Word made flesh: Jn 1:1, 14; 1 Jn 1:1; 5:6-12; Rev 19:13
New birth through the Word of God: 1 Pet 1:23
Not to be tampered with: Rev 22:18-19
Sharper than a two-edged sword: Heb 4:12
Spiritual and life-giving: Jn 6:63; 8:51
Unchangeable: Mt 24:35; 1 Pet 1:25
See also Revelation; Sola Scriptura; Scripture; Tradition
Works
Exhortation to do good works: Mt 5:16; Eph 2:10; Heb 10:24
Inadequacy of works of the Law for salvation: Rom 3:20; Phil 3:9
Inadequacy of unaided human works for salvation: Rom 10:3; Phil 3:9; 2 Tim 1:9
Necessity for salvation of doing works of Christian obedience (love): Mt 5:20; 6:14-15; 7:21; 12:36-37; 19:16-26; Mk 11:25; Lk 10:28-37; Jn 3:36; 8:51; Rom 8:16-17; 10:10; 13:8-10; 2 Cor 2:9; Gal 6:8; Phil 2:12-15; Col 3:23-24; Heb 5:9; 1 Pet 1:17, 22; Jude 20-21; Rev 2:5, 23; 22:12
Works of the flesh: Gal 5:19-21
See also Grace; Law; Merit; Salvation
World
Created order of God: Mt 16:26; Mk 16:15; Jn 1:10; 17:5; 21:25; Acts 17:24; Rom 1:20; 4:13; 5:12; Eph 1:4; Heb 1:2; 11:3
Enemies of God who do not truly know God: Lk 16:8; Jn 1:10; 7:7; 12:31; 14:17; 15:18-19; 17:25; Rom 12:2; 1 Cor 1:20-29; 2:12; 2 Cor 5:19; Gal 6:14; Jas 4:4; 1 Jn 3:13; 2 Jn 7
Those for whom Jesus died: Jn 3:16; 6:51; 12:47; 2 Cor 5:19; 1 Tim 1:15; 3:16; 1 Jn 2:2; 4:9, 14
Sign of God's invisible nature, power: Rom 1:20
World as the realm of Satanic domination: Mt 4:8-9; 18:7; Jn 14:30; 1 Cor 2:12; 2 Cor 4:4; Eph 2:12; 6:12; Col 2:20; 2 Pet 1:4; 1 Jn 4:4-5; 5:19; Rev 12:9
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