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Most famous as the focus of robert braidwood’s research into the history of the domestication of plants and animals, Jarmo is a Neolithic village site in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan. The site was occupied for several centuries between 9000 and 8000 b.p., and the careful excavation of the site by Braidwood and his multidisciplinary team between 1948 and 1954 made it possible for archaeologists to examine evidence of plant and animal remains as well as more traditional information, such as artifacts and architecture.
See also
(1743–1826)
Statesman, president of the United States of America, diplomat, scientist, revolutionary, and architect, Thomas Jefferson was born on the frontier in Virginia, the son of a surveyor/explorer who had married into one of the best families in the district. He had a classical education and from 1760 to 1762 studied mathematics, science, and philosophy at the College of William and Mary. Jefferson began to study law and was admitted to the bar in 1767, working as a successful lawyer until the beginning of the War of Independence in 1776, when he began a full-time career in politics.
Jefferson had been left substantial property by his father, on which he began to design and build the mansion of Monticello. In 1770 he was appointed county lieutenant and in 1773 surveyor of the county, and he soon became involved in local politics, being elected as a member of the county government and contributing to the framing of local legislation. He was elected by the Virginia convention to serve in Congress and was then elected along with others to draw up the Declaration of Independence. At the age of 33 Jefferson helped to found a new nation.
After some time as governor, congressman, and American diplomat in Paris, Jefferson became the first secretary of state under the constitution from 1790 until he retired briefly to Monticello in 1793, vice-president in 1795, and president from 1800 until 1809, with albert gallatin as his secretary of the treasury. The high point of his administration was the Louisiana Purchase, which added impetus to the proposed Lewis and Clark expedition. Jefferson was passionately interested in and supportive of this expedition, and wrote the biography of the explorer Meriwether Lewis, who had been his private secretary.
Jefferson was also involved in the intellectual life of the new nation. The American Philosophical Society (APS), based on the model of the Royal Society of London, had been founded in 1743 by a small group of eminent Americans. Under the presidency of Thomas Jefferson (1797–1815) the society became an intellectual influence on post-Revolutionary and newly nationalist
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