| Page 556 | |
identification of cultural groups, and their social structure, historical, and ethnic adherence.
See also
References
Gabrovec, S. 1966. Srednjelatensko obdobje v Sloveniji [Middle La Tène Period in Slovenia]. Arheoloski vestnik 17, 169–242. Ljubljana.
———. 1970a. Dvozankasta locna fibula. Doprinos k problematiki zacetka zelezne dobe na Balkanu in v jugovzhodnih Alpah [Two-looped bow fibula].
———. 1970b. Godisnjak Centra za balkanoloska ispitivanja 8, 5–65. Sarajevo.
———. 1983–1987. Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja [Prehistory of the Yugoslav Lands]. Vols. 4–5. Sarajevo.
———. 1994. Sticna I., Catalog and monograph no. 28. Ljubljana: Narodni Museum.
Kastelic, J. 1980. “Ob sestdesetletnici” [Sixtieth Anniversary of Stane Gabrovec]. Situla (Ljubljana) 20–21: 5–8. Contains bibliography.
(1761–1849)
Albert Gallatin was born in Geneva, switzerland, into an aristocratic family. He studied classical and modern languages, geography, and mathematics and became a follower of the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau and European Romanticism. He left Geneva for the United States in 1789, where he briefly taught French at Harvard College before purchasing land on the then-frontier in western Pennsylvania. He was not a successful farmer or frontiersman and soon became involved in politics. He was elected to the state legislature between 1790 and 1791 and then served as a senator in the federal government, becoming a friend of thomas jefferson, Henry Adams, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. He married into New York society, served in Congress, and was secretary of the Treasury from 1801 to 1814. He then served as a diplomat, traveling to Russia and Belgium, and was a representative for the government of the United States in Paris from 1816 to 1823 and in London from 1826 to 1827.
Gallatin left government service and returned to New York City, where he and John Jacob Astor founded a bank and he became one of the founders, and the first president of the council, of the University of the City of New York in 1831. During his years in france, Gallatin had shared his long-term interest in philology with Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt and in 1823 had contributed an essay to their book on American Indian languages. It was this latter interest that now absorbed most of his time and earned him the title “father of American ethnology.”
In 1826, Gallatin’s book A Table of Indian Languages in the United States was published, and it included the first map of tribal languages and the first attempt at designating language groups through the comparative method. This work was followed in 1836 by “A Synopsis of Indian Tribes… in North America,” an extended version of the Humboldt essay. In 1843, Gallatin was instrumental in the founding of the American Ethnological Society and became its first president. His “Notes on the Semi-Civilized Nations of Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America” and “Introduction to Hale’s Indians of North-West America and Vocabularies of North America” were published in volumes one and two of the Transactions of the American Ethnological Society. Although he was most proud of these publications, and judged them to be the most important he wrote, Gallatin is far more widely known for all of the annual and special reports he wrote as secretary of the Treasury, for his diplomatic notes and correspondence, and for his numerous pamphlets on finance, public lands, the Oregon question, and the Mexican War written during his years in government.
(1883–1960)
Manuel Gamio was born in Mexico City and studied mining until 1903, when his father sent him to administer a family plantation. While engaged in that work, he had contact with the indigenous Nahua people, learned their language, and was appalled by their poverty. Returning to Mexico City in 1906, Gamio studied anthropology and archaeology at the National Museum for two years. His first archaeological excavations were of the site of Chalchihuites, Zacatecas,
| |