sciences but also within Swedish politics. Multiplicity became the political slogan. But this questioning has not implied, and will not cause, the disappearance of the deductive and inductive ideals. Rather, archaeology’s relative homogeneity began to break down, and in the future a broad front of disparate archaeologies will probably develop. On scientific-theoretical grounds, it is difficult to give priority to one archaeology above another. It is therefore no longer clear how Swedish archaeology should be defined.

The possibility, or risk, is that research will be divided up into more and more problem areas. This idea may sound like an exaggeration, but it should be remembered that archaeology has always depended on different auxiliary sciences. In practice, a closer relationship can be established with any subject. We can therefore expect a wide spectrum of archaeologies. The risk is that barriers may be erected among them and each may fight the others’ existence. There is the possibility that certain scientific-ethical grounds will be established so that the flood of ideas runs freely and various alternatives develop not only in different directions but also in close relationship with one another. It will be decisive in this context that discourses are not hindered by supposed scientific ideals.

Johan Hegardt;

translated by Laura Wrang

References

Clarke, D.L. 1972. “Models and Paradigms in Contemporary Archaeology.” In Models in Archaeology. Ed. David L. Clarke. London: Methuen.

Gräslund, B. 1987. The Birth of Prehistoric Chronology: Dating Methods and Dating Systems in 19th-Century Scandinavian Archaeology. New Studies in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Moberg, C.-A. 1969. “Introduktion.” In Arkeologi: Jämförande och nordisk fornkunskap av professor Carl-Axel Moberg, Med bidrag av professor Holger Arbman. Stockholm.

Montelius, O. 1986. Dating in the Bronze Age with Special Reference to Scandinavia. Introduction by Bo Gräslund. Stockholm: Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities.

Nilsson, S. 1838–1843. Skandinaviska Nordens Ur-invånare, ett försök i komparativa ethnografien och ett bidrag till menniskoslägtets utvecklings historia. Vol. 1, Stenåldern: Innehållande en beskrifning öfver de vilda urfolkens redskap, hus, grifter och lefnadssätt m.m. samt utkast till beskrifning över en i forntiden hit inflyttad kimbrisk koloni. Lund. 2d ed., 1866.

———. 1868a. Les habitants primitifs de la Scandinavie: Essai d’ethnographie comparée matériaux pour servir a l’historie du développement de l’homme, premiére partie l’age de la pierre. Paris.

———. 1868b. The Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia: An Essay on Comparative Ethnography and a Contribution to the History of the Development of Mankind, Containing a Description of the Implements, Dwellings, Tombs, and Mode of Living of the Savages in the North of Europe during the Stone Age. 3rd ed., introduction by J. Lubbock. London.

———. 1868c. Das Steinalter oder die Ureinwohner des Scandinavischen Nordens: Ein Versuch in der comparativen Etnographie und ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschengeschlechtes. Hamburg.

Stjernquist, B. 1955. Simiris: On Cultural Connections of Scania in the Roman Iron Age. Lund: Akademisk avhandling.

Welinder, S. 1975. Prehistoric Agriculture in Eastern Middle Sweden. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Series in 8∞ Minore, no. 4. Bonn: Habelt; Lund: Gleerup.

———. 1977. Ekonomiska processer i förhistorisk expansion. Bonn: Habelt; Lund: Gleerup.

———. 1979. Prehistoric Demography. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Series in 8∞ Minore, no. 8. Bonn: Habelt; Lund: Gleerup.

———. 1991. “The Word förhistorisk, “Prehistoric,” in Swedish.” Antiquity 65: 247–295.

Swedish Cyprus Expedition

See Gjerstad, Einar

Switzerland

As long ago as a.d. 1490, excavations financed by the authorities were reported in Switzerland. An early Middle Age cemetery had been fortuitously uncovered during the alterations of Saint Maurice Church in Schotz (Lucerne). The skeletons, seemingly holding their skulls in their hands, were considered to be the martyrs of the Theban legion, put to death with their leader, Saint Maurice, because of their Christian faith.