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Magdalenska Gora is an early–Iron Age site in Dolenjska (lower Carniola) in slovenia. It comprises a hill-fort settlement covering an area of about thirteen hectares. Some forty earthen burial barrows have been documented in its immediate vicinity, and twenty-two of them, containing at least 1,000 graves, were the subject of extensive excavations at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth by the Narodni Muzej or National Museum; the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; and the peabody museum, Harvard University. Burial was largely inhumation, although a considerable number of cremation graves in the barrows have been found as well. The number of graves in the barrows varies from 2 to more than 350, but the average number of graves per barrow is between 20 and 60.
The burials cover a period of approximately 500 years, from the eighth to the fourth century b.c., with the majority of graves belonging to fifth or fourth century. Numerous rich princely and warrior graves make Magdalenska Gora one of the important centers for the Dolenjska group of the Hallstatt (early Iron Age) culture. The graves are characterized by ornamented bronze vessels of the situla type, different types of helmets, horse-riding equipment, weapons (axes, spearheads, arrowheads), great quantities of personal ornament (fibulae, pendants, necklaces, bracelets), and elaborate ceramic vessels. The site was not completely abandoned after the fourth centuryb.c., as some la tène (later Iron Age) cremation graves were found in the cemetery as well.
See also
References
Hencken, H. 1978. “The Iron Age Cemetery of Magdalenska Gora in Slovenia.”Bulletin of the American School of Prehistoric Research 32.
The study of prehistoric archaeology in the Maghreb (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) has been dominated by French archaeologists. The earliest were primarily avocational (Sheppard 1990), and they maintained close ties with archaeological and anthropological societies of metropolitan France and often published their findings in journals such as L’Anthropologie, although they also developed active local societies with a strong archaeological focus (e.g., La Société de Géographie et d’Archéologie de la Province d’Oran, La Société Archéologique de Constantine, and La Société de Préhistoire de Tébessa). In the late 1920s and 1930s and again in the 1970s, research by North Americans brought different perspectives to the interpretation of the later prehistory of the region (Sheppard 1990).
From its inception, the study of prehistoric archaeology in the Maghreb has concentrated on later prehistory (i.e., late Pleistocene and Holocene). This trend began with one of the earliest of the avocational archaeologists, Duprat, who first remarked in 1894 on the distinction in stone artifact size at various landsnail shell middens (called escargotières, see Gobert 1937). For the next forty or fifty years, archaeological research and debate in the Maghreb centered on these materials and those that either immediately preceded or succeeded them.
In 1910–1911, in a serial article, De Morgan, Capitan, and Boudy reported stratified assemblages
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