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the primary support for the field since 1980, cultural resource management.
| 1983 | Charles H. Fairbanks | ||
| 1984 | John L. Cotter | ||
| 1985 | Kenneth E. Kidd | ||
| 1986 | George I. Quimby | ||
| 1987 | Stanley A. South | ||
| Arthur Woodward* | |||
| 1988 | Edward B. Jelks | ||
| 1989 | Bert Salwen* | ||
| Carlyle Shreeve Smith | |||
| 1991 | Ivor Nöel Hume | ||
| 1993 | Bernard L. Fontana | ||
| 1995 | Kathleen K. Gilmore | ||
| 1997 | James Deetz | ||
| 1999 | George F. Bass | ||
| 2000 | Roderick Sprague | ||
| 2001 | Roberta S. Greenwood | ||
| [* awarded posthumously] | |||
See Getty Museum
Jamestown was the first North American community of European settlers to be the subject of a comprehensive, planned, and funded archaeological investigation. It was the first permanent English settlement in 1607, on Jamestown Island, Virginia, and is now part of Colonial National Historical Park. The archaeological work was begun in 1934 and was conducted in three campaigns, the last one continuing to 1997.
In 1934, work began with the objective of providing structure foundation plans for the newly established National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings. This effort led to intractable differences between architects Henry Chandlee Forman and John Zaharov and archaeologists William John Winter, H. Summerfield Day, and Alonzo Pond. In 1936, order and firm direction were instituted by jean c. harrington, who was trained in both architecture and archaeology and had a grounding in data gathering. The project advanced under Harrington’s effective direction with Civilian Conservation Corps labor until all work ended after the onset of World War II, which put an end to relief-supported archaeology in 1942. By then, Harrington’s able staff of archaeologists, researchers, curators, and conservators had imposed orderly recording, data analysis, and conservation in the laboratory and had left a complete and extensive record of operations.
Investigations of Jamestown recommenced in 1954, with budgeted national park funds, under the direction of john l. cotter and with the assistance of Edward Jelks, Joel Shiner, Bruce Powell, Louis Caywood, and the curator, Paul Hudson. The deadline of 1957 was set, the 350th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown, for Cotter to compile all data into a single volume, Archaeological Excavations at Jamestown, Virginia, to be published in 1958 by the National Park Service.
In 1992, a five-year archaeological survey was established to extend archaeological sensing and testing over the entire island and to conduct an intensive search for archival data. This survey, conducted by a consortium of researchers from the College of William and Mary and Colonial Williamsburg, Inc., and funded by the National Park Service, was to bring Jamestown research up-to-date for the 400th anniversary in 2007.
See also
Each year from 1989 to 1999 more than 25,000 archaeological investigations took place in Japan, and the cost in the fiscal year of 1997 was over 132 billion yen (Center for Archaeological Operations 1999). The reasons for such scope and intensity of archaeological activities are the Japanese antiquarian tradition and the large number of amateur archaeologists, which creates a broadly based interest in archaeology; the assumed continuity of occupation of the archipelago and a strong affinity with those who left the archaeological remains; and the need to define the identity of Japanese people and their culture in today’s global world. Archaeology in Japan, as in many other countries in East Asia, is national history that helps to define the present with reference to the past.
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