| Page 588 | |
Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology Pocketbook no. 79. Jonsered: Paul Åströms Forlag.
Gjerstad, E. 1980. Ages and Days in Cyprus. Göteborg, Sweden.
Winbladh, M.-L., ed. 1997. An Archaeological Adventure in Cyprus: The Swedish Cyprus Expedition 1927–1931, a Story Told with Contemporary Photographs and Comments. Stockholm: Medelhavsmuseet.
(1883–1983)
Harold Sterling Gladwin was born in New York City and educated in England. After returning to the United States in 1901, he became a stockbroker until 1922 when he moved to California and became associated with the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Although his first scientific interest was with butterfly mutations, Gladwin also developed an interest in the prehistory of California, and that interest soon excluded any other and expanded to include the archaeology of the Americas with a particular interest in theories of migrations from Asia.
By 1924, Gladwin had become a friend of the great American archaeologist alfred v. kidder and a research fellow in archaeology of the Southwest Museum in Los Angeles. Gladwin began to excavate the ruins of the casa grande in Arizona, where he used occupation refuse to develop a chronology and identify the prehistoric Hohokam culture. His work revived archaeological interest in southern Arizona, which had been neglected since Frank Cushing’s work twenty years earlier. In 1928, Gladwin and his wife-to-be, Winifred MacCurdy, established the Gila Pueblo Archaeological Foundation outside Globe, Arizona, and that foundation became the research center for Southwestern prehistory for the next thirty years. In 1951, Gila Pueblo was given to the University of Arizona, and its collections were transferred to the Arizona State Museum.
Gladwin created a number of new field methods, such as a method of archaeological surveying that allowed for extensive but economic data collection. The result was the establishment of records of 10,000 ruins and habitation sites across a huge area of the United States—from Montana to mexico and from California to the Mississippi River—and these records were the basis for ongoing research. His greatest contribution was in the area of cultural reconstruction, mapping large data sets over long time periods, and he was an early convert to the use of dendrochronology in archaeology. Gladwin’s best known publications were Men out of Asia (1947) and his popular synthesis, A History of the Ancient Southwest (1957).
(1901–1985)
A. J. H. (Harry) Godwin was born the son of a grocer, attended a local grammar school, and won a scholarship to Clare College, Cambridge, in 1918. Godwin studied both botany and geology, and he was influenced by the ecological work of the botanist Sir A. G. Tansley. Godwin obtained first-class honors at Cambridge and went on to study for a Ph.D. in plant physiology. He began teaching at Cambridge in 1923, moving from junior university demonstrator in botany to research fellow at Clare College in 1925, college fellow from 1934 to 1968, and professor of botany from 1960 to 1968, when he retired.
In 1923, Godwin began the systematic study of Wicken Fen, in Cambridgeshire, applying methods of pollen analysis to the deep deposits of peat in this fen (or swampland) to establish a long history of changes in its vegetation. Godwin proved the relationship between pollen zones and peat stratigraphy based on the identification and relative abundance of pollen grains of different trees in different strata—which helped define the ecology of the area during prehistoric times, i.e., its climate, forest composition, and agricultural practices. These data and their interpretation were published in The History of British Flora (Godwin 1950).
Godwin became a global leader in ecological thought and practice. He was president of the British Ecological Society in 1942–1943 and joint editor of the New Phytologist from 1931 to 1961. In 1948, he was founding director of the subdepartment of quaternary research within the School of Botany at Cambridge University.
| |