———. 1909. Natur und Urgeschichte des Menschen. Vienna: Hartlelen.

Jakubovitsch, H. 1991. “Die Forschungsgeschichte des Faches Ur- und Fruhgeschichte.” Dissertation, University of Vienna.

Kandler, M., and H. Vetters. 1986. Der romische Limes in Osterreich. Vienna: OAW.

Kenner, H., G. Dobesch, and E. Kirsten. 1977. Hundert Jahre Institut fur Alte Geschichte, Archaologie und Epigraphik der Universitat Wien 1876–1976. Vienna: Eigenverlag.

Lippert, A., ed. 1985. Reclams Archaologiefuhrer Osterreich und Sudtirol. Stuttgart: Reclam.

Menghin, Osmund. 1974. “Leonhard Franz und das Institut fur Vor- und Fruhgeschichte der Universitat Innsbruck.” Innsbr. Beitr. Z Kulturwiss.

Menghin, Oswald. 1957. “Urgeschichtliche Grundfragen.” Historia Mundi 1: 229–258.

Niegl, M. A. 1980. Die archaologische Erforschung der Romerzeit in Osterreich. Denkschr., phil-hist. Kl. D. Oster. Acad. D. Wiss. 141.

Pittioni, R. 1954. Urgeschichte des osterreichischen Raumes. Vienna: Deuticke.

———. 1976. “Aufgaben und Moglichkeiten der Kommission fur Burgenforschung und Mittelalter-Archaologie.” Anz. Phil.-hist. Kl. Oster. Akad. Wiss. 113: 339 ff.

Swoboda, E. 1958. Carnuntum. 3d ed. Graz and Cologne: Bohlaus Nachf.

Urban, O.H. 1989. Wegweiser in die Urgeschichte Osterreichs, Osterr. Vienna: Bundersverlag.

Vetters, H. 1973. 75 Jahre Osterreichisches-Archaologisches Institut. Vienna: Eigenverlag.

———. 1977. “Austria.” In European Towns: Their Archaeology and Early History, 261–290. Ed. M.W. Barley. London: Academic Press.

———. 1989. “Archaologie in Osterreich 1945–1985.” Rom. Hist. Mitt. 31: 41–52.

Avebury

Located in southern England, the site of Avebury comprises a large enclosure that features extensive earthworks and arrangements of standing stones of the late Neolithic age. First brought to prominence by the patient recording work of william stukeley in the eighteenth century, the site has been much damaged, and many of the standing stones have been buried or broken up. Stukeley’s map is therefore invaluable, and its accuracy has been confirmed by excavation and nondisturbing remote sensing techniques such as aerial photography. Avebury and the slightly later site of Stonehenge have often been compared as they both stand at the center of large landscapes featuring earthworks and other associated sites. Located in the Avebury landscape are the West Kennet Long Barrow, Windmill Hill (both earlier than the monument