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Nevertheless, Troyon did enjoy the sort of influence he deserved at the time because of his independent nature. Taking a stand against the tutelary figure of Swiss archaeologist ferdinand keller, with whom he fell out, Troyon refused to attribute all lake dwellings to the Celts. Finally, however, as a victim of a fraud, his reputation was besmirched, and some people went so far as to wrongly accuse him of perpetration and collaboration with the fraud’s instigators (Vayson de Pradenne 1932). Troyon’s work maintains great value today. He had the praiseworthy habit of writing careful and accurate reports and of recording elements that he did not understand, which makes the reinterpretation of his excavations easier.
References
Kaenel, G. 1988. “L’archéologie vaudoise a 150 ans. Frederic Troyon et le Musée des antiquités.” Perspectives: Bulletin d’information des departements du canton de Vaud 2: 24–26.
———. 1990a. “L’archéologie des peuples: Historique des recherches.” In Peuples et archéologie. 6e cours d’initiation a la Préhistoire et a l’Archéologie de la Suisse. Geneve, 3 novembre 1990, 11–25. Ed. A. Gallay. Geneva: Société Suisse de Préhistoire et d’Archéologie.
———. 1990b. Recherches sur la période de La Tène en Suisse occidentale: Analyse des sepultures. Cahiers d’archéologie romande 90. Lausanne: Bibliothèque historique vaudoise.
———. 1991. “Troyon: Desor et les ‘Helvetiens’ vers le milieu du XIXe siècle.” Archaologie der Schweiz 14: 19–28.
Rapin, A. 1966. “Un grand archéologue du siècle dernier: Frederic-Louis Troyon (1815–1866).” Revue historique vaudoise 141–149. Includes bibliography of Troyon’s works.
Ruoff, U. 1990. “Geschichte und Bedeutung der archäologischen Erforschung von Seen und Flussen.” In Die ersten Bauern, Pfahlbaufunde Europas: Forschungsberichte zur Ausstellung im Schweizerischen Landesmuseum und zum Erlebnispark I Ausstellung Pfahlbauland in Zurich. Vol. 1, Schweiz, 29–38. Zurich: Schweizerisches Landesmuseum Zurich.
Troyon, F. 1841. “Description des tombeaux de Bel-Air pres Cheseaux sur Lausanne.” Mitteilungen der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zurich 1: n.p.
———. 1843. “Bracelets et Agrafes antiques.” Mitteilungen der Antiquarischen Gesellschaft in Zurich 3: 27–32.
———. 1860. Habitations lacustres des temps anciens et modernes. Memoires et documents no. 17. Lausanne: Société d’histoire de la Suisse.
Vayson de Pradenne, A. 1932. Les fraudes en archéologie préhistorique: Avec quelques exemples de comparaison en archéologie générale et sciences naturelles, 62–64. Paris: Nourry.
Wahle, F. 1950. “Geschichte der prähistorischen Forschung, Teil I.” Anthropos 45: 497–538.
(1857–1934)
Archaeologist Christos Tsountas succeeded heinrich schliemann at Mycenae after the latter decided to return to the excavation of Troy in 1877. Tsountas, who was a far more gifted excavator than Schliemann, excavated the remains of the Bronze Age palace at the summit of the citadel at Mycenae between 1877 and 1902. Although this work was important, Tsountas went on to make significant contributions to our understanding of the Neolithic period in greece at the sites of Sesklo and Dimini and through his work Prehistoric Acropolis of Dimini and Sesklo, published in 1908. Tsountas then undertook pioneering work in the Cyclades Islands in the Aegean Sea.
References
Filton, J. L. 1995. The Discovery of the Greek Bronze Age. London: British Museum Press.
See Caylus, Comte de
See Mahgreb
The most conspicuous geographic feature of Turkey is division, for it is a land of complex terrain partitioned by complicated mountain chains. Anatolia (as the land is known locally) is a mosaic of environmental zones, ranging from coastal fringes through a vast central plateau to the rugged geography of the eastern highlands, offering a range of ecological options for pastoralists (stockbreeders), farmers, and fishing communities alike. In antiquity this broken landscape engendered, for the most part, a spectrum of cultural diversity, which often displayed vigorous local traditions capable of absorbing new cultural stimuli that found their way along the many natural highways that cross the land.
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