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(1858–1931)
Aleksander Andrevich Spitsyn was one of the first archaeologists in russia to adopt the cartographic method of research, that is, comparing information from both historic and archaeological sources. He compiled and published systematized archaeological reviews of many Russian provinces, and his chronologies are still used today. He was primarily concerned with the Bronze Age, the Volga-Kama region, and Slavic peoples.
In 1892, he became an associate of the Archaeographic Commission, and in 1919, he joined the Russian Association for the History of Material Culture. At the Upper Paleolithic site of kostenki on the Don River in western Russia, the lowest level of Kostenki XVII, dating to about 40,00–32,000 b.p., was named “the Spitsyn culture” in his honor. It was characterized by burins, retouched blades and scrapers, and some bone tools and ornaments.
St. Acheul, the type site for the Acheulean, an early Paleolithic industry (dating roughly from 1.5 million years ago to about 100,000 years ago), was first identified in the Somme River gravels of northern france near Amiens. The Acheulean stone tool industry has been found in sites in western and central Europe, over much of Africa, and in Asia as far east as India.
The area of St. Acheul has long been known as a source of flint tools. As early as 1854, stone tool finds were recorded in this area, and, consequently, in 1859, Albert Gaudry of the Académie des Sciences commented very favorably on Amiens as a locality for studying early human history. In recognition of this fact, in 1872 gabriel de mortillet named the distinctive industry based around biface hand-axes the Acheulean industry.
See also
(1813–1907)
Danish zoologist and professor of zoology in Copenhagen, Japhetus Steenstrup’s major contribution to science concerned the study of the octopus until, in an attempt to trace the changes in Danish flora and fauna since the last Ice Age, he excavated in the peat bogs of Zealand and found artifacts there. He also discovered that the initial pine forests of denmark corresponded with Stone Age occupations, while the Bronze Age was contemporary with the succeeding period of oak forests and the Iron Age with beech forests. In this he was providing stratigraphic evidence for christian jürgensen thomsen’s
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