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Stein, J.K. 1982. “Geologic Analysis of Green River Shell Middens.” Southeastern Archaeology 1: 22–39.
Trigger, Bruce. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Trigger, Bruce., ed. 1986 Native Shell Mound of North America: Early Studies. New York: Garland Press.
Waselkov, G.A. 1987. “Shellfish Gathering and Shell Midden Archaeology.” Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 10: 93–210.
Yawata, I., and Y. Sinoto, eds. 1968. Prehistoric Culture in Polynesia. Honolulu: B.P. Bishop Museum Press.
Located on the lower Snake River, eight miles downstream from Lewiston, Idaho, Silcott was a bustling little farming and ranching hamlet in the early twentieth century. White settlement began in 1861, and in 1888, Alpowa City was platted, but it eventually became known as Silcott. By 1930, the town was extinct, largely because of automobiles and better roads, which allowed people to travel and shop in nearby towns.
In 1972, three field seasons were conducted in Alpowa under the direction of Frank C. Leonhardy of Washington State University. David R. Brauner directed the excavation of Alpowa’s prehistoric and historic Nez Percé sites, and Timothy B. Riordan investigated the migrant-worker sites. William H. Adams directed the excavations of Silcott, including Bill Wilson’s General Store, Cliff Wilson’s General Store, Trapper Wilson’s House, the Ireland Place, the Ferry Tender’s House, and the Weiss Ranch Dumps. These sites dated from 1890 to 1930, and their excavation marks the first time that archaeologists intentionally excavated twentieth-century sites.
The project used a multifaceted ethnoarchaeological approach involving in-depth informant interviews, documentary research, and excavations combined synergistically into an historical ethnography of the community. Using oral history to cross-verify documentary and archaeological data was innovative and provided a model for future work. The study pioneered the use of a broader context—the community—instead of focusing on individual sites. The study also represented a shift in historical archaeology away from sites associated with famous people and events and toward a broader understanding of American culture.
References
Adams, W.H. 1977. Silcott Washington: Ethnoarchaeology of a Rural American Community. Pullman: Washington State University Press.
Sipán is a moche site in northern peru, near the coastal city of Chiclayo (Lambayeque).It consists of a lavish tomb complex that was discovered in 1987 by looters. Four tombs have been explored, and in 1988 Peruvian archaeologist Walter Alva excavated the tomb of the “Lord of Sipán,” which was so extraordinarily rich that it is now popularly known as the tomb of “the King tutankhamun of the Americas.” Without doubt, the scale of the offerings, which include masks, necklaces, earrings, and other elaborate jewelry, make this the most spectacular tomb discovered in Peru and excavated by archaeologists. The tomb was built by the Moche, who ruled the northern coast of Peru between the first and sixth centuries a.d. These people are justly famous for their pottery, and the tomb of the lord of Sipán clearly demonstrates the quality of Moche metalwork in gold, copper, and silver.
References
Alva, W., and C.B. Donnan. 1993. Royal Tombs of Sipán. Los Angeles: Fowler Museum of Cultural History, UCLA.
Situla art is an artistic style peculiar to the Veneti and Illyrians between the seventh and fourth centuries b.c. It is named after the figural ornamented vessels (Latin situlae), the most common and popular objects of this art.
The main centers of situla art production were in the region of the middle and lower Po
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