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Rouse, Irving Benjamin

(1913– )

Born in Rochester, New York, Irving Benjamin Rouse went to Yale University in 1930 with the intention of studying botany, but some cataloging work at the Peabody Museum began his interest in archaeology. He went on to study for his doctorate in archaeology and received it in 1939.

Rouse spent the whole of his career at Yale University: at the Peabody Museum as an assistant curator of anthropology from 1938 to 1947, associate curator of anthropology from 1947 to 1954, research associate and affiliate from 1954 to 1962 and 1975 to 1977, curator of anthropology from 1977 to 1984, and curator emeritus. His fieldwork during this long period added substantially to the Peabody’s research collections in the Caribbean area, giving it one of the premier Caribbean archaeological collections in the world. At the same time, Rouse worked in the Department of Anthropology from 1939 to 1943 as instructor, from 1943 to 1948 as associate professor, and from 1954 to 1970 as professor. He was appointed Charles J. McCurdy Professor of Anthropology in 1970, a post he held until his retirement in 1984. He played a significant role in the education of a number of students who have gone on to prominence of their own in archaeology, including Robert C. Dunnell, Patrick V. Kirch, and Bruce G. Trigger.

Rouse’s primary area of interest has been the Caribbean. He has excavated in Puerto Rico, Cuba, Florida, Venezuela, Trinidad, Antigua, Guadeloupe, the Bahamas, the Dominican Republic, the Virgin Islands, and Jamaica. This tremendous breadth of first-hand experience, coupled with the fact that Rouse constructed the chronologies of many key areas in the region and his proclivity for synthetic writing, guaranteed Rouse a central position in Caribbean archaeology, a position he still holds. Many of Rouse’s publications synthesize Caribbean culture-history, or aspects of it, and he has often been called upon to summarize Venezuela and/ or the Caribbean area in large syntheses, such as the Handbook of South American Indians (1948), and in several synopses of current work in the Handbook of Latin American Studies. He has contributed chapters to many of the significant books about settlement patterns, chronologies, and biogeography in archaeology, and some of his more influential pieces were journal articles: masterful areal syntheses such as “Prehistory of the West Indies,” published in Science in 1964, and “Pattern and Process in West Indian Archaeology,” in World Archaeology in 1977.

His interest in early human culture developed initially as a result of his Caribbean research but then expanded well beyond it, and his most recent research has focused on contact-era and postcontact inhabitants of the region. He has continued his culture-historical research as well, which culminated in the publication of Migrations in Prehistory in 1986.

Rouse’s level of activity and methodological contributions have garnered an impressive array of awards and honorific positions. He served as editor of american antiquity from 1946 to 1950, and he served on the executive board of the American Anthropological Association from 1950 to 1953 and was that assocation’s president