and the exploration of different behavioral interpretations for the patterns exhibited by each of those divisions. Thus, the division of the record that was devised by the late-nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century archaeologists, which was based on changes in stone technology, is now being used to document, at least in a broad sense, the evolution of specific behavioral capacities (e.g., Mithen 1996). Current research is aimed at providing more detailed accounts of the ways in which artifacts were made in different time periods (e.g., Böeda 1988), of the factors that contributed to the recurring artifact forms being produced (e.g., Dibble 1987), and to variations in the composition of contemporaneous artifact assemblages as a basis for identifying the behavioral information encapsulated by that particular stone technology (e.g., Jones 1994). Yet despite the methodological innovations, the greatly extended chronology, and the greatly expanded geographic scope of Paleolithic archaeology, there are many aspects of the subject that would be familiar to its late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century practitioners. As always, the challenge for Paleolithic archaeologists is to reconstruct the behavior of our ancestors in their own terms.

Simon Holdaway and Nicola Stern

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