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(1787–1883)
The son of a farmer who was taught to read and write by his father, Sven Nilsson enrolled at Lund University in sweden in 1806 with the intention of becoming a priest. He finished a degree in theology but then studied philology, natural history, and philosophy. In 1812, Nilsson was offered a position at Lund’s natural history cabinet (or premuseum collection) as well as an associate professorship in natural history.
Through his work of classifying donations to the cabinet Nilsson became interested in fossil remains and research. He was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1812 and drew up plans for the academy’s transformation into the Swedish Museum of Natural History, where he was eventually a curator.
While he was working in the museum, Nilsson continued to study zoology, geology, and anatomy and finished a medical degree in 1818. In 1832, he returned to the University of Lund as a professor of zoology, and the natural history museum at Lund became the center for Swedish zoology. In Nilsson’s view, all natural-scientific research rested ultimately on careful comparisons, which made collecting decisive for the development of the sciences. He became a central figure in nineteenth-century Swedish zoology through his forty-year career as a university teacher and through the popularization of his scientific interests via lectures and publications. He was also one of the pioneers of the embryonic discipline of quaternary geology, linking geology, zoology, and archaeology to create a
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