fossil hunter and explorer who spent long periods in China, where he became fascinated with stories of “dragon bones,” which were highly valued by the Chinese for their magical and pharmaceutical uses. In 1921, the search for fossils led Andersson to Zhoukoudian Cave, in Hebei province near Beijing, which was a giant fissure in a limestone cliff filled with fossil animal bones. Excavation revealed a major Chinese Paleolithic site, containing human skeletal material in the same levels as crude stone tools, animal bones, and traces of thick hearths. Zhoukoudian was excavated under the direction of Canadian anatomist Davidson Black. The first skull cap of Homo erectus, known initially as Peking Man or Sinanthropus, was excavated by Chinese archaeologist pei wenzhong in 1929. The site has yielded the only large population of Homo erectus, with fragments of more than forty individuals of the species worldwide. Most of the bones were lost during World War II.

Tim Murray

References

Andersson, J.G. 1934. Children of the Yellow Earth: Studies in Prehistoric China. New York: Macmillan.

Antiquity

In 1925, o.g.s. crawford, then age thirty-nine, had the idea of a new archaeological publication to serve the very lively and active group, the then-young generation of archaeologists working in England. Existing journals smoldered on, but they neither flamed nor gave light. Unusually, Crawford did not seek a publisher, for he wanted a completely free hand to say and to publish whatever he liked. Instead, he set up Antiquity as his own enterprise with money borrowed from a friend.

Sending a prospectus to 20,000 names and addresses, he soon had over 600 subscribers, and the venture was launched as a quarterly journal in 1927. Reports on the Glozel affair, the faking of Neolithic writing in eastern France, helped energize the new venture, and in 1928, the journal published the first scholarly report of leonard woolley’s excavation of the royal tombs at ur in mesopotamia.

In rereading the early articles published in Antiquity, the journal’s distinctive character is evident. In each number, Crawford wrote a lively editorial with snippets of news, comment, and reports of passing events and curiosities with an archaeological aspect; as he said, “Try living on a desert island with a book of verse and no loaf of bread—or Antiquity without a jug of wine!” (Crawford 1955, 177). His own interests in aerial photography are evident, and the field reports start from the focal area in the classic landscapes of southern Britain, especially its chalk land. Crawford’s broader interests are also revealed in the coverage of Africa; there is, for example, pioneering work in the field that would now be called “ethnoarchaeology.” Great names of the next generation, like christopher hawkes and stuart piggott, are conspicuous. Names from the Americas are largely absent.

The first number of the tenth volume, for March 1936, shows the pattern in its 128 pages: editorial, six long reports (“The Coming of Iron,” “Pit and Pit-dwellings in Southeast Europe,” “Roman Barrows,” “Easter Island,” “Anglo-Saxon Vine-Scroll Ornament,” and “Cyclopean Walls at Tarragona”), ten short reports and a pair of air photographs, book notes, and twenty-two book reviews. Of one book, Crawford commented, “We are surprised that the Oxford University Press should sponsor such a shocking piece of work as this.” The diversity is important, and the range of subjects in each of the year’s other three numbers is equally diverse.

Crawford edited Antiquity largely on his own, and when he died in 1957 it was found that no provision had been made for a successor. glyn daniel was persuaded to take it on, in tandem with his wife, Ruth Daniel, as production editor, and he published his first issue early in 1958. In order to safeguard the future of the journal, £5,000 was gathered from well-wishers to buy the publication, and a nonprofit organization, Antiquity Trust, was created to own it in perpetuity.

Like Crawford, Daniel had a good eye for news and the telling of anecdotes, and his Cambridge, television, and book-editing contacts made for a continuing broad vision. The makeup of a typical Daniel issue, the first number of the