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Lapita Complex

See Polynesia; Papua New Guinea and Melanesia

Lartet, Édouard

(1801–1871)

Lartet studied law in Toulouse before going to Paris in 1821 as a young lawyer, where he became interested in archaeology and paleontology. He returned to work as a lawyer in southwestern france and was paid by his clients with fossil bones and prehistoric tools, which they knew were his passion. He began to study the local Tertiary deposits, and in 1834 discovered the rich fossil site of Sansan.

Further encouraged by famous scientists at Paris’s National Museum of Natural History, Etienne Saint Hillaire and, later, Adrien Jussieu, Lartet continued to search the fossil deposits of France. In 1837 he found the remains of a fossil ape called Pliopithecus, and in 1856 remains of another fossil ape—Dryopithecus. In 1853 he returned to Paris to undertake full-time paleontological research, where he met jacques boucher de perthes. Lartet began to believe that animals and humans had evolved over a much longer period of time than was thought, and that Boucher des Perthes’s discoveries in the Somme gravels were proof of this. Lartet also presented his finds from the Aurignac rock shelter in the French Pyrenees as evidence of humans being contemporary with extinct animal species, and, like the work of Boucher des Perthes, it was rejected by the Academies des Sciences in Paris.

In 1861 Lartet proposed a chronology for human skeletal and cultural remains based on fossil animal bones found with them in cave sites. While his chronology eventually proved to be limited, it established him as one of the founders of human paleontology. Sponsored by English prehistorian and banker henry christy, he began to explore cave sites in the Perigord and Dordogne regions of France, where he discovered the famous Paleolithic sites of la madeleine, Les Eyzies and le moustier, providing further evidence of phases of human development based on archaeological stratigraphy. Lartet also published on the development of the human brain in fossil mammal species.