continuation of the Institute of Archaeology, which flourished during the 1950s and 1960s. Its series of report volumes, Qedem, began appearing in 1975.

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Ruins of Massada in Israel

(Corel)

The 1967 war changed Israeli archaeology considerably as it opened the West Bank (the heartland of ancient Israel), the Golan Heights, and the Sinai to Israeli excavators. The latter two were largely terra incognita, and very extensive surveys soon began. Also, the Old City of Jerusalem now came into Israeli hands, and the first large-scale excavations ever undertaken there soon began, first under Mazar near the Temple Mount (1968–1978), then under Avigad in the Jewish Quarter (1969–1983). This work was followed by numerous other smaller projects that began in the 1970s and still continue. Indeed, the archaeology of Jerusalem has now become almost a separate specialization of Israeli archaeology, supplementing and often correcting more than a century of previous work. Finally, the new and expanding campus of the Hebrew University, again on Mt. Scopus overlooking the Old City, included the refurbishment and expansion of the old Institute and Department of Archaeology (now named the Philip and Muriel Berman Institute of Archaeology).

Israeli archaeology is divided by its practitioners into (1) prehistory; (2) Bronze/Iron Age archaeology, often termed biblical archaeology (although secular, without the theological overtones that the term carries in Europe and America); and (3) classical archaeology, including the Second Temple period. “Biblical archaeology” flourished particularly in the 1960s– 1980s, with excavations at Bronze- and Iron-Age sites, or Canaanite-Israelite sites, that could be identified in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament). These projects were too numerous to describe in detail, but among the most significant sites excavated were (from north to south) Dan (A. Biran), Acco (M. Dothan), Yoqneam (A. Ben-Tor), Dor (E. Stern), Tel Michal (Z. Herzog et al.), Tell Qasile (A. Mazar), Aphek (M. Kochavi and P. Beck), Shiloh (I. Finkelstein), Tel Batash/Timna (A. Mazar), Tel Miqneh/Ekron (T. Dothan and S. Gitin), Lachish (D. Ussishkin), Ashdod (M. Dothan), Tel Sera and Tel Haror (E. Oren), Deir al-Balah (T. Dothan), Tel Beersheva (Y. Aharoni), Tel Ira (Y. Beit-Arieh and V. Fritz).

The above were all tell sites or mounds, usually with long histories. Many smaller, one-period sites and cemeteries were also dug in the