ethnographers, physical anthropologists, and archaeologists.

There has long been a debate between Peter Bellwood and Wilhelm Solheim II over the route of the movement of the speakers of Austronesian languages. Bellwood places this movement from south China to Taiwan and then south through the Philippines into eastern Indonesia and east into Melanesia. Solheim places the movement and expansion of his Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network bringing the Malayo-Polynesian languages (the first branch from Austronesia) from south China south along the coast of Vietnam and one route from there extending to the west coast of Borneo, south around Borneo, east through the lesser Sundas, north along the coast of New Guinea and then out into Melanesia. Tsang, in a paper he presented (1995) said, “Based on the current archaeological evidence…. I do not agree with Bellwood that ‘Taiwan is a potentially vital area for the transmission of cultural innovations from the Asian mainland into the islands’…. if he chooses to ‘emphasize the importance of the Corded Ware–Yuan-chan cultural tradition.’ Since the homeland of this tradition was most likely on the coast of the mainland between Fukien and Vietnam, as I mentioned previously, I would postulate that the Austronesian languages and cultures were probably transmitted into insular southeast Asian mainland rather than through the island of Taiwan.”

Wilhelm G. Solheim II

Acknowledgments

My thanks to Wilfredo Ronquillo, director of the Archaeology Division of the National Museum, for bringing me up to date on recent archaeological activities in the Philippines.

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