1957c, 1964c), and later to the Sa-huynh-Kalanay Pottery Tradition, found widely in Island Southeast Asia and Vietnam (1959a, 1967c). In addition, proposed in the 1964 publication was the Bau-Malay Pottery Tradition, also found widely in Island and Mainland Southeast Asia (1959b, 1967d). In 1952 Solheim surveyed on Fuga Island, one of the Babuyan Islands just north of Luzon, and found several burial jar sites. In 1953 he made a small excavation of a burial jar on Batan Island, in the Batanes Islands north of the Babuyan Islands. The Fuga and Batan burial jars led to a summary article on burial jars in Island Southeast Asia (Solheim 1960).

Robert Fox completed his Ph.D. in cultural anthropology at the University of Chicago, but when he returned to the Philippines he became involved in archaeology. The three primary areas of exploration, excavation, and publication undertaken by Fox were at Calatagan, Batangas, the Tabon Caves in Palawan, and the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon. As the chairman of the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum for many years Fox was involved in much more than those areas. In 1956 Fox and Evangelista surveyed and made small excavations in two jar burial sites in Sorsogon and Albay Provinces on the Bicol Peninsula (Fox and Evangelista 1957a, 1957b).

The Calatagan peninsula is at the very southwestern tip of Batangas Province, about 100 kilometers south of Manila. It was known that fourteenth- and fifteenth-century porcelains had been found there in the 1930s and some small excavations had been made by Janse in 1940 and Solheim in 1952 through 1953. Major excavations of several extensive burial sites were started by Fox in 1958 and a report was published in 1959. A description of the Calatagan earthenware pottery was published in 1982 (Main and Fox 1982). More details can be found in the Philippine section of Asian Perspectives Volumes 1 through 3 (1957–1959).

Taiwan

The transition period saw a change in the archaeologists in Taiwan from Japanese to Chinese. No fieldwork of note happened after the end of World War II until 1949 when Professor li chi founded the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology. While the department was active in research on the prehistory of the mainland, the group of eminent Chinese archaeologists that had moved from the mainland and were either with the university department or with Academia Sinica were not greatly interested in Taiwan’s archaeology.

The first change appears to have developed as a result of the number of Chinese and Japanese archaeologists and cultural anthropologists who took part in the Eighth Pacific Science Congress and Fourth Far-Eastern Prehistory Congress held in Manila in 1953. As noted by Beyer (1956, 271–272) in the proceedings of the Congress, the five papers presented on Formosan archaeology were all by Japanese archaeologists. Shortly after the Congress Beyer received two letters from Li Chi telling him of two newly started excavations undertaken by the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology in Taiwan.

The first general knowledge of Taiwan prehistory among non–Chinese reading archaeologists came with a short article by kwang-chi chang (1956). Chang edited a much more ambitious review of the archaeology of Taiwan in 1963, which presented a foundation for the real beginning of Taiwan archaeological research by Chinese in Taiwan. This review included a site report on Tap’enk’eng by Pin-hsiung Liu of excavations made in 1962. The review provided the launching platform for a rejuvenated and reoriented program of Taiwan archaeology.

Local Archaeologists Take Over

In the 1960s local archaeologists gradually took over archaeological research in most of the countries of Southeast Asia. The training of local archaeologists was a major problem for all countries and the solution varied from country to country. None of the countries had a sufficient number of archaeologists to even approach extensive coverage for the total area of their country. Publication was and is another major problem, with the tradition of publishing final reports on excavated sites not yet established in Southeast Asia. Those reports that are