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Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia

Founded in 1952, the Instituto Hondureño de Antropología e Historia (IHAH, Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History) is the legal guardian of the archaeological patrimony of Honduras and publishes the journal of Honduran anthropology and history entitled Yaxkin. Through its function in approving research proposals, it shapes the course of Honduran archaeology. The institute has sponsored significant programs of research, trained Hondurans in archaeological methods, and fostered the development of archaeology as a career in the country.

According to Honduran archaeologist Ricardo Agurcia, the earliest Honduran government action directed toward preservation of the archaeological record was legislation passed in 1845 to control exploration of the ruins of classic Mayan Copán and place the responsibility for their protection in the hands of local authorities. Nonetheless, Agurcia notes that in the 1890s, legally approved expeditions from Harvard University’s peabody museum and the british museum removed large quantities of archaeological remains from the site. These actions led to new legislation in 1900 prohibiting the exportation of material from Copán and also from other ruins in the country. The legislation explicitly allowed exploration, including excavation, with prior permission by the executive branch of the government. In 1946, the first legislation authorizing a governmental body charged with exploration and protection of the archaeology, ethnography, and history of the country was produced, laying the groundwork for IHAH.

The founding of IHAH in 1952, according to Honduran archaeologist Vito Veliz, owed much of its impetus to Jesus Nuñez Chinchilla, an archaeologist trained in mexico in the 1940s. Nuñez Chinchilla conducted excavations at Copán, and during its early years, IHAH emphasized this site. New legislation in 1968 legally established IHAH as an autonomous institution, and this legal status gave IHAH control over its personnel and facilities and effectively allowed it to function as an investigative unit. According to Agurcia, this new status reached fruition in 1975 when IHAH began its modern history of aggressively fostering archaeological research.

All archaeology conducted in Honduras since the last date has taken place under permits issued by IHAH. Even in the 1960s and 1970s, the scope of projects proposed by outside researchers extended far beyond Copán to encompass a broad corridor extending south from the Ulua Valley through Lake Yojoa, Comayagua, and the Gulf of Fonseca and extending east along the north coast. In addition to reopening research in these areas by its approval of outside projects, beginning in the 1970s IHAH initiated its own programs of archaeological inventory