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Flowerdew Hundred Plantation, Virginia

Flowerdew Hundred Plantation is a working plantation and an archaeological park on the James River near Hopewell, Virginia. A 1,000-acre grant in 1617 to Governor George Yeardley was named for his wife, Lady Yeardley, née Temperance Flowerdew, and occupation has been continuous since 1619 despite numerous changes in ownership.

Excavations in the late 1960s by N.F. Barka of the College of William and Mary exposed a compound enclosing a large house of post construction, a stone foundation for a dwelling, its outbuildings, and other early- and later-seventeenth-century structures. William and Mary field schools in the 1970s explored both prehistoric and historical sites, and in the 1980s, j. f. deetz, with students from the University of California at Berkeley, initiated long-term research into the succession of plantation and settlement types from the early-seventeenth century through the mid-nineteenth century. Deetz synthesized the results in Flowerdew Hundred (1993).

Dates derived from measuring bore diameters of pipe stems recovered from eighteen sites indicated three groups: seven early-seventeenth-century sites, six late-seventeenth-century ones, and five mid- to late-eighteenth century sites. Deetz interpreted the evidence from each grouping in light of local, regional, and global factors influencing changes on the Chesapeake frontier of the British Empire, offering comparisons with British colonial sites in South Africa and elsewhere and assessing findings in light of contemporary debates in historical archaeology.

Evidence from Flowerdew indicates slave manufacture both of pottery and decorated clay pipes, products formerly assumed to be of Native American manufacture. Deetz saw Flowerdew as a microcosm for examining the emergence of a distinct American culture from a British colony.

Mary C. Beaudry

References

Barka, N.F. 1993. “The Archaeology of Piersey’s Hundred, Virginia, within the Context of the Muster of 1624/5.” In Archaeology of Eastern North America: Essays in Honor of Steven A. Williams, 313–355. Ed. J.B. Stoltzman. Special issue of the Bulletin of the Eastern States Archaeological Federation.

Deetz, J. 1993. Flowerdew Hundred: The Archaeology of a Virginia Plantation, 1619–1864. Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia.

Fontana, Bernard L.

(1931–)

Bernard L. Fontana was born on 7 January 1931 in Oakland, California, where he spent his formative years. In 1948, he entered the anthropology program at the University of California, Berkeley, and graduated with a B.A. in