References

Choffat, Paul. 1908. “Notice nécrologique sur J. F. Nery Delgado (1835–1908). Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, 2nd series, 7, 8: 1–14.

Correia, A. A. M. 1947. “Histoire des recherches pré-historiques en Portugal.” Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia 9, 1–2: 115–170.

Delgado, J. F. N. 1867. Da existência do homem em tempos mui remotos provada pelo estudo das cavernas, vol. 1, Notícia àcerca das grutas da Cesareda. Lisbon: Comissão Geológica de Portugal.

———. 1884. “La grotte de Furninha à Peniche.” In Congrès International d’anthropologie et d’archéologie préhistoriques: Compte-rendu de la neuvième session à Lisbonne (1880), 207–279. Lisbon: Académie Royale des Sciences.

Fabião, C. 1997. “Percursos da arqueologia clássica em Portugal: Da Sociedade Archeologica Lusitana (1849–1857) ao moderno projecto de Conimbriga (1964–1971). In La cristalización del pasado: Génesis y desarrollo del marco institucional de la arqueología en España—Actas del II Congreso de Historiografía de la Arqueología en España (siglos XVIII a XX), 27 al 29 de noviembre de 1995 (Madrid), 105–124. Ed. G. Mora and M. Díaz-Andreu. Málaga: Universidad de Málaga.

Ribeiro, C. 1873. “Sur la position des silex taillés découverts dans les terrains Miocène et Pliocène du Portugal.” In Congrès International d’Anthropologie et d’Archéologie Préhistoriques, Compte-Rendu de la 6ième session, Bruxelles 1872, 95–100.

Zilhão, J. 1993. “As origens da arqueologia paleolítica em Portugal e a obra metodologicamente precursora de J. F. Nery Delgado.” Arqueologia e História, series 10, 3: 111—125.

Potocka Zijalka

Potocka Zijalka is an alpine Paleolithic cave site in slovenia, approximately 1700 meters above sea level, on the southern edge of the Karavanke mountain ridge on the Slovenian-Austrian border. The site was discovered by srecko brodar in 1928 and was systematically excavated until 1935.

The archaeological record comprises numerous cultural layers all belonging to the Wurm I–II phase of the Aurignacian period, around 34,000 years ago. Brodar’s excavation revealed numerous finds, the most outstanding among them being 133 bone points of the Mladec, or elongated oval-shaped, type (also Lautscher type), the largest known collection of points of this type found in one site. Some of them have traces of the earliest known ornamentation of parallel incisions while others seem to be the prototype of a needle and a simple flute with three holes made from the cave bear’s mandible. The total artifact assemblage consists of more than 100 tool types.

The vast majority (99 percent) of the faunal remains belong to the cave bear (Ursus speleaus) with the more poorly represented other species being musk ox (Ovibus moscatus), wolf (Canis lupus), and smaller mammals (Micromammalia). Several hearths containing charcoal of tree species picea and pinus were detected some 20 meters from the entrance to the cave. Owing to the extreme altitude and the artifact richness of the site, Brodar proposed that Olschevien (called after Olseva, the location of the Potocka Zijalka) was a distinctive cultural phase of the alpine Aurignacian hunters and gatherers. However, his proposal has not been accepted.

Drasko Josipovic

References

Bayer, J., and S. Brodar. 1928. “Die Potocka Hohle, eine Hochstation der Aurignacschwankung in die Ostalpen.” Prahistorica (Vienna) 1.

Brodar, S., and M. Brodar. 1983. “Potocka zijalka, visokoalpska postojanka aurignacienskih lovcev.” Dela SAZU 24, class I and IV, Ljubljana.